Die «kurze Textstelle» gibt den Beginn der Passage im Buch an, auf die sich die aufgeführten Referenzen beziehen.
1. Kapitel: An den Grenzen der Medizin
— Angaben zum Krankheitsfall von Waël Rezig: Persönliche Mitteilung durch Jean-Paul Pirnay, Patrick Soentjens, beide Königin-Astrid-Militärkrankenhaus, Brüssel; Dimitri Van der Linden, Universitätskliniken St. Luc; Khadidja und Sofiane Rezig; Kongressvortrag von D. van der Linden am 13.6.2019 in Brüssel; und Van Nieuwenhuyse B, Van der Linden D, Chatzis O, et al. Bacteriophage-antibiotic combination therapy against extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection to allow liver transplantation in a toddler. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):5725. Published 2022 Sep 29. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-33294-w
— «In einer Publikation von 2010…», S. 16: Cohen R. Colimycine: un vieil antibiotique qu’il faut apprendre à connaître [Colimycin: an old antibiotic which has to be learnt to know]. Arch Pediatr. 2010;17 Suppl 4:S171-S176. doi:10.1016/S0929-693X(10)70920-9
— Fussnote 3, S. 19: Bobay LM, Ochman H. Biological species in the viral world. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(23):6040-6045. doi:10.1073/pnas.1717593115
— «Ob und wie man eine Behandlung», S. 22: www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/ – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
2. Kapitel: Ein endloser Wettlauf gegen die Evolution
— «1900 starben über…», S.26: GESIS-Datenbank, Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften e.V., www.gesis.org und www.bpb.de/kurz-knapp/zahlen-und-fakten/deutschland-in-daten/220134/todesursachen/ – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Bereits in seinem Vortrag…», S. 26: www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/fleming-lecture.pdf – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Schon 1942, fast unmittelbar…», S. 28: Lobanovska M, Pilla G. Penicillin’s Discovery and Antibiotic Resistance: Lessons for the Future? Yale J Biol Med. 2017;90(1):135-145. Published 2017 Mar 29.
— «Bereits zwei Jahre zuvor…», S. 28: De Oliveira DMP, Forde BM, Kidd TJ, et al. Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020;33(3):e00181-19. Published 2020 May 13. doi:10.1128/CMR.00181-19
— «Die Analyse eines Forscherteams…», S. 28: Smillie CS, Smith MB, Friedman J, Cordero OX, David LA, Alm EJ. Ecology drives a global network of gene exchange connecting the human microbiome. Nature. 2011;480(7376):241-244. Published 2011 Oct 30. doi:10.1038/nature10571
— «Wie erfolgreich Bakterien…», S. 29: Lobanovska M, Pilla G. Penicillin’s Discovery and Antibiotic Resistance: Lessons for the Future?. Yale J Biol Med. 2017;90(1):135-145. Published 2017 Mar 29
— «Der Anteil der Staphylokokken-Infektionen…», S. 29: Lowy FD. Antimicrobial resistance: the example of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(9):1265-1273. doi:10.1172/JCI18535
— «Manche Wissenschaftler…», S. 29: Lüthi T. Wir brauchen dringend neue Antibiotika. NZZ am Sonntag, 6.12.2020
— «Ein Bericht der britischen…», S. 29: No time to Wait: Securing the future from drug-resistant infections. Report to the Secretary-General of the United Nations – www.who.int/publications/i/item/no-time-to-wait-securing-the-future-from-drug-resistant-infections – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «In einem Übersichtsartikel…», S. 29: Lewis K. The Science of Antibiotic Discovery. Cell. 2020;181(1):29-45. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.056
— «Bereits heute sterben Jahr für Jahr…», S. 30: Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399(10325):629-655. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0
— «In der EU sind es…», S. 30: Cassini A, Högberg LD, Plachouras D, et al. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):56-66. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4
— «In südlichen Staaten…», S. 30: aus atlas.ecdc.europa.eu/public/index.aspx – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Weitere gefährliche Bakterien…», S. 30: www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/outbreak-Klebsiella-pneumoniae-Germany – abgerufen am 12.8.2022 und Gasser M, Schrenzel, J, Kronenberg A, et al. Aktuelle Entwicklung der Antibiotikaresistenzen in der Schweiz. Swiss Medical Forum 2018;18(46):943-949. doi:10.7892/boris.123008
— «Aber das sind noch…», S. 30: Lakbar I, Medam S, Ronflé R, et al. Association between mortality and highly antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):16497. Published 2021 Aug 13. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95852-4
— «Zwei Studien aus…», S. 30: Cassini A, Högberg LD, Plachouras D, et al. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):56-66. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4; Gasser M, Zingg W, Cassini A, Kronenberg A; Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Switzerland. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):17-18. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30708-4 und antibiotic.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/antibiotic-resistance-increasing-threat-human-health – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Ein Erwachsener lebt nach…», S. 31: Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body. PLoS Biol. 2016;14(8):e1002533. Published 2016 Aug 19. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533
— «Mittlerweile ist anerkannt…», S. 31: Dominguez-Bello MG, Godoy-Vitorino F, Knight R, Blaser MJ. Role of the microbiome in human development. Gut. 2019;68(6):1108-1114. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317503
— «Marc Van Leynseele ist…», S. 32ff: Angaben zum Krankheitsfall von Marc Van Leynseele: persönl. Mitteilung Van Leynseele M und Ferry T. (Universitätskliniken Lyon)
— «Chronische Infekte…», S. 33: Genevière J, McCallin S, Huttner A, Pham TT, Suva D. A systematic review of phage therapy applied to bone and joint infections: an analysis of success rates, treatment modalities and safety. EFORT Open Rev. 2021;6(12):1148-1156. Published 2021 Dec 10. doi:10.1302/2058-5241.6.210073
— «Wir kennen diese Problematik…», S. 34: Junghans S, Rojas SV, Skusa R, et al. Bacteriophages for the Treatment of Graft Infections in Cardiovascular Medicine. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10(12):1446. Published 2021 Nov 25. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10121446
— «Große Probleme treten auch…», S. 34: www.iqwig.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/pressemitteilungen-detailseite_11956.html – abgerufen am 12.8.22
— «Kommt dazu, dass…», S. 35: Lewis K. The Science of Antibiotic Discovery. Cell. 2020;181(1):29-45. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.056
— «In Griechenland waren…», S. 35: atlas.ecdc.europa.eu/public/index.aspx – abgerufen am 12.8.22
— «Einer ist unter Bakteriologen…», S. 36: Wyres KL, Hawkey J, Hetland MAK, et al. Emergence and rapid global dissemination of CTX-M-15-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae strain ST307. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019;74(3):577-581. doi:10.1093/jac/dky492
— «Erst als er nach 2008…», S. 36: Long SW, Olsen RJ, Eagar TN, et al. Population Genomic Analysis of 1,777 Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates, Houston, Texas: Unexpected Abundance of Clonal Group 307. mBio. 2017;8(3):e00489-17. Published 2017 May 16. doi:10.1128/mBio.00489-17
— «Im selben Jahr nahm…», S. 36: Villa L, Feudi C, Fortini D, et al. Diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of the KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 clone. Microb Genom. 2017;3(4):e000110. Published 2017 Apr 26. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000110
— «Im Juni 2019 geschah…», S. 36: www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/outbreak-Klebsiella-pneumoniae-Germany – abgerufen am 12.8.22 und Haller S, Kramer R, Becker K, et al. Extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 outbreak, north-eastern Germany, June to October 2019. Euro Surveill. 2019;24(50):1900734. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.50.1900734
— «Nicht nur die Behörden…», S. 37 aus www.hygso.de/news/hygso-hygienenews-oktober-2019 – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Mehrere Forscherteams untersuchten…», S. 37: Heiden SE, Hübner NO, Bohnert JA, et al. A Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 outbreak clone from Germany demonstrates features of extensive drug resistance, hypermucoviscosity, and enhanced iron acquisition. Genome Med. 2020;12(1):113. Published 2020 Dec 9. doi:10.1186/s13073-020-00814-6
— «Analysen wiesen nach…», S. 37: www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/outbreak-Klebsiella-pneumoniae-Germany – abgerufen am 12.8.22
— «Bereits 2018…», S. 38: Schaufler K, Nowak K, Düx A, et al. Clinically Relevant ESBL-Producing K. pneumoniae ST307 and E. coli ST38 in an Urban West African Rat Population. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:150. Published 2018 Feb 9. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00150
— «So zeigte eine 2014…», S. 38: Gasser M, Schrenzel, J, Kronenberg A, et al. Aktuelle Entwicklung der Antibiotikaresistenzen in der Schweiz. Swiss Medical Forum 2018;18(46):943-949. doi:10.7892/boris.123008
— «Möglich ist dies auch…», S. 38: Bröhm A. Nutzlose Antibiotika – Wenn wegen resistenter Keime jede Operation gefährlich wird. Tagesanzeiger, 13.12.2021
— «Wenn ein hochresistenter Keim…», S. 39: Lewis K. The Science of Antibiotic Discovery. Cell. 2020;181(1):29-45. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.056 und www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest-threats.html – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «In den USA ist die Lage…», S. 39: www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest-threats.html – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «In Deutschland…», S. 39: www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/Jahrbuch/Jahrbuch_2020.html – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Der Bericht zur Deutschen…», S. 39: www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/themen/praevention/antibiotika-resistenzen/antibiotika-resistenzstrategie.html – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Das ist Grundlagenwissen…», S. 40: www.anresis.ch/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Swiss-Antibiotic-Resistance-Report-2020_def_WEB.pdf – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «In vielen Kliniken gibt…», S. 40: www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/092-001l_S3_Strategien-zur-Sicherung-rationaler-Antibiotika-Anwendung-im-Krankenhaus_2020-02.pdf – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Manche Studien haben…», S. 40: Lawes T, Lopez-Lozano JM, Nebot CA, et al. Effects of national antibiotic stewardship and infection control strategies on hospital-associated and community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections across a region of Scotland: a non-linear time-series study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(12):1438-1449. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00315-1 und Baur D, Gladstone BP, Burkert F, et al. Effect of antibiotic stewardship on the incidence of infection and colonisation with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17(9):990-1001. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30325-0
— «Nützlich sind auch…», S. 40: Pittet D. Hand hygiene: From research to action. J Infect Prev. 2017;18(3):100-102. doi:10.1177/1757177417705191
— «Auch der Verzicht…», S. 40: www.bag.admin.ch/bag/de/home/das-bag/aktuell/medienmitteilungen.msg-id-70657.html – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «In Deutschland kommt…», S. 41: www.rki.de/DE/Content/Service/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2019/14_2019.html – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «In Österreich stecken…», S. 41: www.austromed.org/presseaussendungen/nosokomiale-infektionen-lebensgefaehrlich-aber-vermeidbar/ – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Auch wenn viel zu tun…», S. 41: aus: atlas.ecdc.europa.eu/public/index.aspx – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat…», S. 41: www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-EMP-IAU-2017.12 abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Die Pipeline ist nicht nur…», S. 42: McKenna, M. The antibiotic paradox: why companies can’t afford to create life-saving drugs. Nature 2020;584, 338-341. doi: doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02418-x und www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2021/03/tracking-the-global-pipeline-of-antibiotics-in-development – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Das belegen die Schwierigkeiten…», S. 43: www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2019/04/achaogen-bankruptcy-raises-worry-over-antibiotic-pipeline – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Plazomicin wirkt…», S. 43: www.contagionlive.com/view/achaogen-canary-in-the-coal-mine-or-developer-of-an-unwanted-product – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «In den letzten Jahren…», S. 43: McKenna, M. The antibiotic paradox: why companies can’t afford to create life-saving drugs. Nature 2020;584, 338-341. doi: doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02418-x
— «Die eskalierende Krise…», S. 44: Talbot GH, Jezek A, Murray BE, et al. The Infectious Diseases Society of America’s 10 × ’20 Initiative (10 New Systemic Antibacterial Agents US Food and Drug Administration Approved by 2020): Is 20 × ’20 a Possibility?. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(1):1-11. doi:10.1093/cid/ciz089
— «Ein Beispiel ist die Organisation Carb-X», S. 44: carb-x.org – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Viel Geld ausgeben kann…», S. 45: www.medicalcountermeasures.gov – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Ein ehemaliger Direktor…», S. 45: Jacobs, A. Crisis Looms in Antibiotics as Drug Makers Go Bankrupt. New York Times, 26.12.2019
— «Viele Experten befürchten…», S. 45: Simpkin VL, Renwick MJ, Kelly R, Mossialos E. Incentivising innovation in antibiotic drug discovery and development: progress, challenges and next steps. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2017;70(12):1087-1096. doi:10.1038/ja.2017.124
–«Inzwischen haben auch…», S. 46: Pfister, F. Aus dem Tal des Todes. NZZ am Sonntag, 25.7.2021 und Talbot GH, Jezek A, Murray BE, et al. The Infectious Diseases Society of America’s 10 × ’20 Initiative (10 New Systemic Antibacterial Agents US Food and Drug Administration Approved by 2020): Is 20 × ’20 a Possibility?. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(1):1-11. doi:10.1093/cid/ciz089
— «Die große Trendwende…», S. 46: www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2021/03/tracking-the-global-pipeline-of-antibiotics-in-development – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
— «Man solle «aufhören…», S. 46: Schooley RT, Strathdee S. Treat phage like living antibiotics. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(3):391-392. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0666-4
— «Oder wie es…», S. 47: www.reactgroup.org – abgerufen am 12.8.2022
3. Kapitel: Wie Phagen heilen können
— «T4 ist so etwas…», S. 50: Mullins NC, Die Entwicklung eines wissenschaftlichen Spezialgebiets: die Phagen-Gruppe und die Ursprünge der Molekularbiologie in Weingart P (Hsg), Wissenschaftssoziologie 2. Fischer Athenäum 1974: 184–222 und Dion MB, Oechslin F, Moineau S. Phage diversity, genomics and phylogeny. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020;18(3):125-138. doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0311-5
— Grundlegende Grundlegende Angaben zur Biologie der Phagen finden sich etwa in Calendar R (ed.), The bacteriophages. Plenum Press. 1988 und in Madigan MT et al., Brock – Mikrobiologie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag. 2001
— «Manchmal schaffen Viren…», S. 50: Sánchez CA, Venkatachalam-Vaz J, Drake JM. Spillover of zoonotic pathogens: A review of reviews. Zoonoses Public Health. 2021;68(6):563-577. doi:10.1111/zph.12846
— «Unser Held T4 parasitiert…», S. 50: Tétart F, Repoila F, Monod C, Krisch HM. Bacteriophage T4 host range is expanded by duplications of a small domain of the tail fiber adhesin. J Mol Biol. 1996;258(5):726-731. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0281
— «Wird die Phagentherapie korrekt…», S. 51: Liu D, Van Belleghem JD, de Vries CR, et al. The Safety and Toxicity of Phage Therapy: A Review of Animal and Clinical Studies. Viruses. 2021;13(7):1268. Published 2021 Jun 29. doi:10.3390/v13071268; Pirnay JP, Ferry T, Resch G. Recent progress toward the implementation of phage therapy in Western medicine. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2022;46(1):fuab040. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuab040 und Petrovic Fabijan A, Lin RCY, Ho J, et al. Safety of bacteriophage therapy in severe Staphylococcus aureus infection. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(3):465-472. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0634-z
— «Folgen wir erst T4…», S. 51: Hu B, Margolin W, Molineux IJ, Liu J. Structural remodeling of bacteriophage T4 and host membranes during infection initiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(35):E4919-E4928. doi:10.1073/pnas.1501064112 und Islam MZ, Fokine A, Mahalingam M, et al. Molecular anatomy of the receptor binding module of a bacteriophage long tail fiber. PLoS Pathog. 2019;15(12):e1008193. Published 2019 Dec 19. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008193
— Fussnote 1, Seite 51: Geier MR, Merril CR. Lambda phage transcription in human fibroblasts. Virology. 1972;47(3):638-643. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(72)90553-3 und Barr JJ. A bacteriophages journey through the human body. Immunol Rev. 2017;279(1):106-122. doi:10.1111/imr.12565
— «Die effizientesten Phagen…», S. 52: Calendar R (ed.), The bacteriophages. Plenum Press. 1988, und in Madigan MT et al., Brock – Mikrobiologie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag. 2001
— «Wenn die Phagen an…», S. 52: Khawaldeh A, Morales S, Dillon B, et al. Bacteriophage therapy for refractory Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infection. J Med Microbiol. 2011;60(Pt 11):1697-1700. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.029744-0
— «Champions der Evolution», Box S. 53: Hampton HG, Watson BNJ, Fineran PC. The arms race between bacteria and their phage foes. Nature. 2020;577(7790):327-336. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1894-8; Beerens D, Franch-Arroyo S, Sullivan TJ, Goosmann C, Brinkmann V, Charpentier E. Survival Strategies of Streptococcus pyogenes in Response to Phage Infection. Viruses. 2021;13(4):612. Published 2021 Apr 2. doi:10.3390/v13040612; Chevallereau A, Pons BJ, van Houte S, Westra ER. Interactions between bacterial and phage communities in natural environments. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(1):49-62. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00602-y; Millman A, Bernheim A, Stokar-Avihail A, et al. Bacterial Retrons Function In Anti-Phage Defense. Cell. 2020;183(6):1551-1561.e12. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.065; Doron S, Melamed S, Ofir G, et al. Systematic discovery of antiphage defense systems in the microbial pangenome. Science. 2018;359(6379):eaar4120. doi:10.1126/science.aar4120; Seed KD, Lazinski DW, Calderwood SB, Camilli A. A bacteriophage encodes its own CRISPR/Cas adaptive response to evade host innate immunity. Nature. 2013;494(7438):489-491. doi:10.1038/nature11927 und Naser IB, Hoque MM, Nahid MA, Tareq TM, Rocky MK, Faruque SM. Analysis of the CRISPR-Cas system in bacteriophages active on epidemic strains of Vibrio cholerae in Bangladesh. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):14880. Published 2017 Nov 1. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14839-2
— «Die Geburt der Phagentherapie…», S. 54: Die Memoiren Les pérégrinations d’un bactériologiste von Félix d’Hérelle befinden sich im Archiv des Pasteur-Instituts, Paris (Fonds F. d’Hérelle). Sie wurden dort zusammen mit weiterem Material aus d’Hérelles Nachlaß von d’Hérelles Enkel Claude-Hubert Mazure untergebracht. Der Autor erhielt freundlicherweise eine vollständige Kopie von Mazure. 2017 wurde eine gekürzte Fassung im Verlag Lavoisier, Paris, publiziert. Sie ist vergriffen; siehe auch: d’Hérelle F. Le bactériophage – son rôle dans l’immunité. Masson. 1921:211–214, und d’Hérelle F. The bacteriophage – its role in immunity. Williams & Wilkins. 1922:266–271
— «Nach d’Hérelles forschem Start…», S. 55: Häusler T. Viruses vs. Superbugs. Macmillan. 2006; Eaton MD and Bayne-Jones S. Bacteriophage therapy: review of the principles and results of the use of bacteriophage in the treatment of infections (I-III) JAMA 1934;103: 1769–76, 1847–53, 1934–9; Krueger AP and Scribner EJ. The bacteriophage: Its nature and its therapeutic use (I/II). JAMA 1941;116: 2160–7, 2269–77
— «Es gab in dieser Zeit…», S. 56: u.a. Fisk RT. Protective action of typhoid phage on experimental typhoid infection in mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1938;38:659–60; Dubos RJ et al. The multiplication of bacteriophage in vivo and its protective effects against an experimental infection with Shigella dysenteriae. J Exp Med. 1943;78:161–8; Morton, HE and Perez-Otero JE. The increase of bacteriophages in vivo during experimental infections with Shigella paradysenteriae in mice. J Bact. 1945;49: 237–44 und Morton, HE and Engley FB. The protective action of dysentery bacteriophages in experimental infections in mice. J Bact. 1945;49: 245–55
— «Als in den 1940ern…», S. 56: Häusler T. Viruses vs. Superbugs. Macmillan. 2006.
— «Der Wissenschaftshistoriker…», S. 57: Summers WC. The strange history of phage therapy. Bacteriophage. 2012;2(2):130-133. doi:10.4161/bact.20757
— «Doch in den letzten…», S.57: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=phage+therapy – abgerufen am 13.8.2022
— Fussnote 2, S. 56: Chanishvili N. Bacteriophages as Therapeutic and Prophylactic Means: Summary of the Soviet and Post Soviet Experiences. Curr Drug Deliv. 2016;13(3):309-323. doi:10.2174/156720181303160520193946
— «Trotzdem gab es beim…», S. 58: Pirnay JP, Ferry T, Resch G. Recent progress toward the implementation of phage therapy in Western medicine. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2022;46(1):fuab040. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuab040; McCallin S, Sacher JC, Zheng J, Chan BK. Current State of Compassionate Phage Therapy. Viruses. 2019;11(4):343. Published 2019 Apr 12. doi:10.3390/v11040343 und Hatfull GF, Dedrick RM, Schooley RT. Phage Therapy for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections. Annu Rev Med. 2022;73:197-211. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-080219-122208
— «Kolleginnen und Kollegen…», S. 58: Pirnay JP, Ferry T, Resch G. Recent progress toward the implementation of phage therapy in Western medicine. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2022;46(1):fuab040. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuab040; Aslam S, Lampley E, Wooten D, et al. Lessons Learned From the First 10 Consecutive Cases of Intravenous Bacteriophage Therapy to Treat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections at a Single Center in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(9):ofaa389. Published 2020 Aug 27. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa389
— «Im Jahr 2015…», S. 59: Rubalskii E, Ruemke S, Salmoukas C, et al. Bacteriophage Therapy for Critical Infections Related to Cardiothoracic Surgery. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):232. Published 2020 May 5. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9050232
— «Man kann diese Analyse…», S. 60: Sáez Moreno D, Visram Z, Mutti M, et al. ε2-Phages Are Naturally Bred and Have a Vastly Improved Host Range in Staphylococcus aureus over Wild Type Phages. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(4):325. Published 2021 Apr 2. doi:10.3390/ph14040325
— «Die sorgfältige Auswahl…», S. 60: Kutter E, De Vos D, Gvasalia G, et al. Phage therapy in clinical practice: treatment of human infections. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2010;11(1):69-86. doi:10.2174/138920110790725401 und Merabishvili M, Pirnay JP, De Vos D. Guidelines to Compose an Ideal Bacteriophage Cocktail. Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1693:99-110. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7395-8_9
— «Die wichtigste Funktion…», S. 60: Schooley RT, Biswas B, Gill JJ, et al. Development and Use of Personalized Bacteriophage-Based Therapeutic Cocktails To Treat a Patient with a Disseminated Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(10):e00954-17. Published 2017 Sep 22. doi:10.1128/AAC.00954-17
— «Zur Therapie eingesetzte…», S. 61: Pelfrene E, Willebrand E, Cavaleiro Sanches A, Sebris Z, Cavaleri M. Bacteriophage therapy: a regulatory perspective. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71(8):2071-2074. doi:10.1093/jac/dkw083 und Pirnay JP, Verbeken G, Ceyssens PJ, et al. The Magistral Phage. Viruses. 2018;10(2):64. Published 2018 Feb 6. doi:10.3390/v10020064
— «Auch Phagen haben unterschiedliche Lifestyles», Box S. 61: Expert round table on acceptance and re-implementation of bacteriophage therapy. Silk route to the acceptance and re-implementation of bacteriophage therapy. Biotechnol J. 2016;11(5):595-600. doi:10.1002/biot.201600023; Pelfrene E, Willebrand E, Cavaleiro Sanches A, Sebris Z, Cavaleri M. Bacteriophage therapy: a regulatory perspective. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71(8):2071-2074. doi:10.1093/jac/dkw083 und Hatfull GF, Dedrick RM, Schooley RT. Phage Therapy for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections. Annu Rev Med. 2022;73:197-211. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-080219-122208
— «Vielleicht der berühmteste Fall…», S.63: Schooley RT, Biswas B, Gill JJ, et al. Development and Use of Personalized Bacteriophage-Based Therapeutic Cocktails To Treat a Patient with a Disseminated Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(10):e00954-17. Published 2017 Sep 22. doi:10.1128/AAC.00954-17; Strathdee S, Patterson T and Barker T. The perfect predator – A scientist’s race to save her husband from a deadly superbug. Hachette Books. 2019 und https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-50221375 – abgerufen am 13.8.2022
4. Kapitel: Phagentherapie vertieft betrachtet
— «Und es gibt weitere Gründe…», Seite 68: Pirnay JP, De Vos D, Verbeken G, et al. The phage therapy paradigm: prêt-à-porter or sur-mesure?. Pharm Res. 2011;28(4):934-937. doi:10.1007/s11095-010-0313-5
— «Einige Phagen, die wir…», Seite 69: Aleshkin AV, Volozhantsev NV, Svetoch EA et al. Bacteriophages as probiotics: Phage-based probiotic dietary supplement in prophylaxis against foodborne infections. Infect. Dis. Infekt. Bolezn. 2016, 14, 31–40. und Rubalskii E, Ruemke S, Salmoukas C, et al. Bacteriophage Therapy for Critical Infections Related to Cardiothoracic Surgery. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):232. Published 2020 May 5. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9050232
— «Dies funktioniert besonders…», S. 70: Hatfull GF, Dedrick RM, Schooley RT. Phage Therapy for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections. Annu Rev Med. 2022;73:197-211. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-080219-122208; Yang Y, Shen W, Zhong Q, et al. Development of a Bacteriophage Cocktail to Constrain the Emergence of Phage-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:327. Published 2020 Mar 4. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00327 und Terwilliger AL, Gu Liu C, Green SI, et al. Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research: Personalized Infectious Disease Medicine for the Most Vulnerable At-Risk Patients. Phage (New Rochelle). 2020;1(2):66-74. doi:10.1089/phage.2020.0007
— «Es gab aber interessante Ausnahmen…», S. 70: Terwilliger A, Clark J, Karris M, et al. Phage Therapy Related Microbial Succession Associated with Successful Clinical Outcome for a Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection. Viruses. 2021;13(10):2049. Published 2021 Oct 12. doi:10.3390/v13102049
— «Die Phagentherapeuten aus Georgien setzen…», S. 70: Merabishvili M, Pirnay JP, De Vos D. Guidelines to Compose an Ideal Bacteriophage Cocktail in Azeredo J and Sillankorva S (eds.) Bacteriophage Therapy – From Lab to Clinical Practice Humana Press 2018:99-112. doi 10.1007/978-1-4939-7395-8; Burrowes BH, Molineux IJ, Fralick JA. Directed in Vitro Evolution of Therapeutic Bacteriophages: The Appelmans Protocol. Viruses. 2019;11(3):241. Published 2019 Mar 11. doi:10.3390/v11030241; Sáez Moreno D, Visram Z, Mutti M, et al. ε2-Phages Are Naturally Bred and Have a Vastly Improved Host Range in Staphylococcus aureus over Wild Type Phages. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(4):325. Published 2021 Apr 2. doi:10.3390/ph14040325; Borin JM, Avrani S, Barrick JE, Petrie KL, Meyer JR. Coevolutionary phage training leads to greater bacterial suppression and delays the evolution of phage resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(23):e2104592118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2104592118 und Doub JB, Ng VY, Wilson E, Corsini L, Chan BK. Successful Treatment of a Recalcitrant Staphylococcus epidermidis Prosthetic Knee Infection with Intraoperative Bacteriophage Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(3):231. Published 2021 Mar 8. doi:10.3390/ph14030231
— «Es ist das Schicksal einer…», S. 71: Pires DP, Melo LDR, Azeredo J. Understanding the Complex Phage-Host Interactions in Biofilm Communities. Annu Rev Virol. 2021;8(1):73-94. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-074222
— «Dies kommt einer Zauberformel…», S. 72: Lebeaux D, Ghigo JM, Beloin C. Biofilm-related infections: bridging the gap between clinical management and fundamental aspects of recalcitrance toward antibiotics. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2014;78(3):510-543. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00013-14 und Høiby N, Ciofu O, Bjarnsholt T. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis. Future Microbiol. 2010;5(11):1663-1674. doi:10.2217/fmb.10.125
— «das die durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung…», S. 72: www.muko.info/informieren/ueber-die-erkrankung/lebenserwartung – abgerufen am 14.8.2022
— «Was können Phagen gegen Biofilme…», S. 72: Tkhilaishvili T, Lombardi L, Klatt AB, Trampuz A, Di Luca M. Bacteriophage Sb-1 enhances antibiotic activity against biofilm, degrades exopolysaccharide matrix and targets persisters of Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018;52(6):842-853. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.006; Forti F, Roach DR, Cafora M, et al. Design of a Broad-Range Bacteriophage Cocktail That Reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms and Treats Acute Infections in Two Animal Models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(6):e02573-17. Published 2018 May 25. doi:10.1128/AAC.02573-17; Kolenda C, Josse J, Medina M, et al. Evaluation of the Activity of a Combination of Three Bacteriophages Alone or in Association with Antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus Embedded in Biofilm or Internalized in Osteoblasts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64(3):e02231-19. Published 2020 Feb 21. doi:10.1128/AAC.02231-19 und Doub JB. Bacteriophage Therapy for Clinical Biofilm Infections: Parameters That Influence Treatment Protocols and Current Treatment Approaches. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(11):799. Published 2020 Nov 12. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9110799
— «In einem Fall…», S. 72: Ferry T, Kolenda C, Batailler C, et al. Case Report: Arthroscopic «Debridement Antibiotics and Implant Retention» With Local Injection of Personalized Phage Therapy to Salvage a Relapsing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Prosthetic Knee Infection. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:569159. Published 2021 May 5. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.569159
— «Auch am Nationalen Zentrum…», S.73: Rubalskii E, Ruemke S, Salmoukas C, et al. Bacteriophage Therapy for Critical Infections Related to Cardiothoracic Surgery. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):232. Published 2020 May 5. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9050232
— «Wie zielgenau der…», S. 73: Chan BK, Turner PE, Kim S, Mojibian HR, Elefteriades JA, Narayan D. Phage treatment of an aortic graft infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Evol Med Public Health. 2018;2018(1):60-66. Published 2018 Mar 8. doi:10.1093/emph/eoy00
— «Phagenexpertinnen gehen davon…», S. 74: Chaudhry WN, Concepción-Acevedo J, Park T, Andleeb S, Bull JJ, Levin BR. Synergy and Order Effects of Antibiotics and Phages in Killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0168615. Published 2017 Jan 11. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168615; Forti F, Roach DR, Cafora M, et al. Design of a Broad-Range Bacteriophage Cocktail That Reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms and Treats Acute Infections in Two Animal Models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(6):e02573-17. Published 2018 May 25. doi:10.1128/AAC.02573-17 und Cano EJ, Caflisch KM, Bollyky PL, et al. Phage Therapy for Limb-threatening Prosthetic Knee Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection: Case Report and In Vitro Characterization of Anti-biofilm Activity. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(1):e144-e151. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa705
— «Man kann sich das so vorstellen…», S. 74: Akturk E, Oliveira H, Santos SB, et al. Synergistic Action of Phage and Antibiotics: Parameters to Enhance the Killing Efficacy Against Mono and Dual-Species Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel). 2019;8(3):103. Published 2019 Jul 25. doi:10.3390/antibiotics8030103
— «Allerdings gibt es auch…», S. 74: Doub JB. Bacteriophage Therapy for Clinical Biofilm Infections: Parameters That Influence Treatment Protocols and Current Treatment Approaches. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(11):799. Published 2020 Nov 12. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9110799 und Pires DP, Melo LDR, Azeredo J. Understanding the Complex Phage-Host Interactions in Biofilm Communities. Annu Rev Virol. 2021;8(1):73-94. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-074222; Melo LDR, Pinto G, Oliveira F, et al. The Protective Effect of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Matrix against Phage Predation. Viruses. 2020;12(10):1076. Published 2020 Sep 25. doi:10.3390/v12101076; Vidakovic L, Singh PK, Hartmann R, Nadell CD, Drescher K. Dynamic biofilm architecture confers individual and collective mechanisms of viral protection. Nat Microbiol. 2018;3(1):26-31. doi:10.1038/s41564-017-0050-1 und Tkhilaishvili T, Lombardi L, Klatt AB, Trampuz A, Di Luca M. Bacteriophage Sb-1 enhances antibiotic activity against biofilm, degrades exopolysaccharide matrix and targets persisters of Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018;52(6):842-853. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.006
— «Sie gehen davon aus…», S. 75: Segall AM, Roach DR, Strathdee SA. Stronger together? Perspectives on phage-antibiotic synergy in clinical applications of phage therapy. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2019;51:46-50. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2019.03.005 und Li X, He Y, Wang Z, et al. A combination therapy of Phages and Antibiotics: Two is better than one. Int J Biol Sci. 2021;17(13):3573-3582. Published 2021 Aug 18. doi:10.7150/ijbs.60551
— «In der Zwischenzeit…», S. 75: Simon K, Pier W, Krüttgen A, Horz HP. Synergy between Phage Sb-1 and Oxacillin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10(7):849. Published 2021 Jul 13. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10070849
— «Zum Beispiel zeigten Forscher…», S. 75: Engeman E, Freyberger HR, Corey BW, et al. Synergistic Killing and Re-Sensitization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Antibiotics by Phage-Antibiotic Combination Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(3):184. Published 2021 Feb 25. doi:10.3390/ph14030184
— «Weitere Versuche enthüllten…», S. 75: Shen Y, Loessner MJ. Beyond antibacterials – exploring bacteriophages as antivirulence agents. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2021;68:166-173. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2020.11.004 und Gordillo Altamirano F, Forsyth JH, Patwa R, et al. Bacteriophage-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are resensitized to antimicrobials. Nat Microbiol. 2021;6(2):157-161. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-00830-7
— «Experimente mit Mäusen…», S. 76: Roach DR, Leung CY, Henry M, et al. Synergy between the Host Immune System and Bacteriophage Is Essential for Successful Phage Therapy against an Acute Respiratory Pathogen. Cell Host Microbe. 2017;22(1):38-47.e4. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.018
— «Dank cleverer Experimente…», S. 76: Oechslin F, Piccardi P, Mancini S, et al. Synergistic Interaction Between Phage Therapy and Antibiotics Clears Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection in Endocarditis and Reduces Virulence. J Infect Dis. 2017;215(5):703-712. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw632 und Majkowska-Skrobek G, Markwitz P, Sosnowska E, Lood C, Lavigne R, Drulis-Kawa Z. The evolutionary trade-offs in phage-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae entail cross-phage sensitization and loss of multidrug resistance. Environ Microbiol. 2021;23(12):7723-7740. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.15476
— «In Experimenten erkaufte sich…», S. 76: Gordillo Altamirano F, Forsyth JH, Patwa R, et al. Bacteriophage-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are resensitized to antimicrobials. Nat Microbiol. 2021;6(2):157-161. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-00830-7
— «Dies war zum Beispiel…» S. 76: Pirnay JP, persönl. Mitteilung; Schooley RT, Biswas B, Gill JJ, et al. Development and Use of Personalized Bacteriophage-Based Therapeutic Cocktails To Treat a Patient with a Disseminated Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(10):e00954-17. Published 2017 Sep 22. doi:10.1128/AAC.00954-17 und Bao J, Wu N, Zeng Y, et al. Non-active antibiotic and bacteriophage synergism to successfully treat recurrent urinary tract infection caused by extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):771-774. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1747950
— «Ein Wort der Vorsicht…», S. 76: Pirnay JP, Ferry T, Resch G. Recent progress toward the implementation of phage therapy in Western medicine. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2022;46(1):fuab040. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuab040; Abedon ST. Phage-Antibiotic Combination Treatments: Antagonistic Impacts of Antibiotics on the Pharmacodynamics of Phage Therapy?. Antibiotics (Basel). 2019;8(4):182. Published 2019 Oct 11. doi:10.3390/antibiotics8040182; Kever L, Hardy A, Luthe T, et al. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Inhibit Phage Infection by Blocking an Early Step of the Infection Cycle. mBio. 2022;13(3):e0078322. doi:10.1128/mbio.00783-22 und Van Nieuwenhuyse B, Galant C, Brichard B, et al. A Case of In Situ Phage Therapy against Staphylococcus aureus in a Bone Allograft Polymicrobial Biofilm Infection: Outcomes and Phage-Antibiotic Interactions. Viruses. 2021;13(10):1898. Published 2021 Sep 22. doi:10.3390/v13101898
— «Wir haben in den vorangegangenen…», S. 77: Rubalskii E, Ruemke S, Salmoukas C, et al. Bacteriophage Therapy for Critical Infections Related to Cardiothoracic Surgery. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):232. Published 2020 May 5. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9050232; Rubalskii E, Ruemke S, Salmoukas C, et al. Fibrin glue as a local drug-delivery system for bacteriophage PA5. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):2091. Published 2019 Feb 14. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38318-4 und Wroe JA, Johnson CT, García AJ. Bacteriophage delivering hydrogels reduce biofilm formation in vitro and infection in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2020;108(1):39-49. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.36790
— «Eine etwas anders geartete…», S. 78: Green SI, Gu Liu C, Yu X, et al. Targeting of Mammalian Glycans Enhances Phage Predation in the Gastrointestinal Tract. mBio. 2021;12(1):e03474-20. Published 2021 Feb 9. doi:10.1128/mBio.03474-20 und Terwilliger A, Clark J, Karris M, et al. Phage Therapy Related Microbial Succession Associated with Successful Clinical Outcome for a Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection. Viruses. 2021;13(10):2049. Published 2021 Oct 12. doi:10.3390/v13102049
— «Wir haben am Anfang…», S. 79: Dedrick RM, Guerrero-Bustamante CA, Garlena RA, et al. Engineered bacteriophages for treatment of a patient with a disseminated drug-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus. Nat Med. 2019;25(5):730-733. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0437-z; www.science.org/content/article/viruses-genetically-engineered-kill-bacteria-rescue-girl-antibiotic-resistant-infection – abgerufen am 14.8.2022; LeMieux J, Hatfull G. Set Phages to Kill: An Interview with Graham Hatfull, PhD. PHAGE. 2020;1(1):4-7 doi: 10.1089/phage.2019.29000.int; www.bbc.com/news/health-48199915 – abgerufen am 14.8.2022 und www.statnews.com/2019/05/08/phage-therapy-how-genetically-engineered-viruses-may-have-prolonged-teens-life/ – abgerufen am 14.8.2022
— «Bei einer Umfrage…», S. 83: Sacher JC, Zheng J. ‘«State of Phage» Survey Highlights Widespread Diverse Phage Isolation and Research in 40+ Countries. PHAGE. 2021;2(4) 156-169. Doi: doi.org/10.1089/phage.2021.29023.jcs
— «Ein Beispiel aus dem Centre…», S. 83: Ferry T, Kolenda C, Laurent F, et al. Personalized bacteriophage therapy to treat pandrug-resistant spinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):4239. Published 2022 Jul 22. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31837-9
— «Citizen Science…», Box S. 84: thebiologist.rsb.org.uk/biologist-features/hunting-for-holes-of-hope und www.citizenphage.com – abgerufen am 14.8.2022
— «Zum Beispiel wartete…», S. 85: LeMieux J, Hatfull G. Set Phages to Kill: An Interview with Graham Hatfull, PhD. PHAGE. 2020;1(1):4-7 doi: 10.1089/phage.2019.29000.int
— «Das Phagenlabor am Brüsseler…», S. 85: Djebara S, Maussen C, De Vos D, et al. Processing Phage Therapy Requests in a Brussels Military Hospital: Lessons Identified. Viruses. 2019;11(3):265. Published 2019 Mar 17. doi:10.3390/v11030265
— «Nach der spektakulären Heilung…», S. 85: Aslam S, Lampley E, Wooten D, et al. Lessons Learned From the First 10 Consecutive Cases of Intravenous Bacteriophage Therapy to Treat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections at a Single Center in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(9):ofaa389. Published 2020 Aug 27. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa389
5. Kapitel: Die Phagentherapie kritisch durchleuchtet
— «Damit ein Medikament die Zulassung…», S. 88: www.ema.europa.eu/en/about-us/what-we-do/authorisation-medicines/how-ema-evaluates-medicines – abgerufen am 15.8.202
— «Zur Phagentherapie gab…», S. 88: Liu D, Van Belleghem JD, de Vries CR, et al. The Safety and Toxicity of Phage Therapy: A Review of Animal and Clinical Studies. Viruses. 2021;13(7):1268. Published 2021 Jun 29. doi:10.3390/v13071268
— «Laut einem Bericht…», S. 90: www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/content/download/332619/3251472/version/3/file/OPECST_2021_0011_note_phagothérapie.pdf – abgerufen am 15.8.2022
— «Auch der Phagenforscher…», S. 91: Hoffmann C. Harper D. (2021). Phages Before the Phrenzy: Part I — An interview with Dr. David Harper, CEO of Evolution Biotechnologies. Capsid & Tail, (127). Retrieved from phage.directory/capsid/phages-before-the-phrenzy – abgerufen am 15.8.2022
— «Verschiedene Untersuchungen…», S. 91: aspe.hhs.gov/reports/examination-clinical-trial-costs-barriers-drug-development-0 – abgerufen am 15.8.2022; Martin L, Hutchens M, Hawkins C, Radnov A. How much do clinical trials cost?. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2017;16(6):381-382. doi:10.1038/nrd.2017.70 und Moore TJ, Heyward J, Anderson G, Alexander GC. Variation in the estimated costs of pivotal clinical benefit trials supporting the US approval of new therapeutic agents, 2015-2017: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(6):e038863. Published 2020 Jun 11. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038863
— «Der Enthusiasmus…», S. 91: www.nixonpeabody.com/-/media/Files/Alerts/2021-March/patent-update-bacteriophage-applications.ashx?la=en – abgerufen am 15.8.2022
— Fussnote 4, S. 92: Chanishvili N. Bacteriophages as Therapeutic and Prophylactic Means: Summary of the Soviet and Post Soviet Experiences. Curr Drug Deliv. 2016;13(3):309-323. doi:10.2174/156720181303160520193946; Kutateladze M, Adamia R. Phage therapy experience at the Eliava Institute. Med Mal Infect. 2008;38(8):426-430. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2008.06.023 und McCallin S and Brüssow H. Clinical Trials of Bacteriophage Therapeutics. in Harper DR, Abedon ST, Burrowes BH, and McConville ML. Bacteriophages – Biology, Technology, Therapy. Springer. 2017;1-29
— «Als erste „richtige“ klinische Studie…», S. 92: Wright A, Hawkins CH, Anggård EE, Harper DR. A controlled clinical trial of a therapeutic bacteriophage preparation in chronic otitis due to antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; a preliminary report of efficacy. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009;34(4):349-357. doi:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2009.01973.x
— «Nur wenig später wagte…», S. 94: Zahlreiche Referenzen aufgelistet in McCallin S and Brüssow H. Clinical Trials of Bacteriophage Therapeutics. in Harper DR, Abedon ST, Burrowes BH, and McConville ML. Bacteriophages – Biology, Technology, Therapy. Springer. 2017;1-29
— «In Bangladesch ist Durchfall…», S. 94: Billah SM, Raihana S, Ali NB, et al. Bangladesh: a success case in combating childhood diarrhoea. J Glob Health. 2019;9(2):020803. doi:10.7189/jogh.09.020803 und www.thedailystar.net/backpage/45000-children-die-diarrhoea-every-year-1391116 – abgerufen am 17.8.2022
— «Als 2013 die EU…», S. 97: Jault P, Leclerc T, Jennes S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a cocktail of bacteriophages to treat burn wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PhagoBurn): a randomised, controlled, double-blind phase 1/2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):35-45. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30482-1 und Servick K. DRUG DEVELOPMENT. Beleaguered phage therapy trial presses on. Science. 2016;352(6293):1506. doi:10.1126/science.352.6293.1506
— «Eine weitere klinische Studie…», S. 98: Leitner L, Ujmajuridze A, Chanishvili N, et al. Intravesical bacteriophages for treating urinary tract infections in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(3):427-436. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30330-3
— «Dies bestätigen mehrere Studien…», S. 99: Rubinstein A, Mizrachi Y, Bernstein L, et al. Progressive specific immune attrition after primary, secondary and tertiary immunizations with bacteriophage phi X174 in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients. AIDS. 2000;14(4):F55-F62. doi:10.1097/00002030-200003100-00004 und Fogelman I, Davey V, Ochs HD, et al. Evaluation of CD4+ T cell function In vivo in HIV-infected patients as measured by bacteriophage phiX174 immunization. J Infect Dis. 2000;182(2):435-441. doi:10.1086/315739
— «Dasselbe trifft auf…», S. 99: Petrovic Fabijan A, Lin RCY, Ho J, et al. Safety of bacteriophage therapy in severe Staphylococcus aureus infection. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(3):465-472. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0634-z
— «Der erfahrene Phagenforscher…», S. 101: Abedon ST, Danis-Wlodarczyk KM, Alves DR. Phage Therapy in the 21st Century: Is There Modern, Clinical Evidence of Phage-Mediated Efficacy?. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(11):1157. Published 2021 Nov 13. doi:10.3390/ph14111157
— «Aber die zuständigen Behörden…», S. 101: Reindel R, Fiore CR. Phage Therapy: Considerations and Challenges for Development. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(11):1589-1590. doi:10.1093/cid/cix188 und Pelfrene E, Willebrand E, Cavaleiro Sanches A, Sebris Z, Cavaleri M. Bacteriophage therapy: a regulatory perspective. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71(8):2071-2074. doi:10.1093/jac/dkw083
— «Einige Aspekte dieser Position…», S. 101: Pirnay JP, De Vos D, Verbeken G, et al. The phage therapy paradigm: prêt-à-porter or sur-mesure?. Pharm Res. 2011;28(4):934-937. doi:10.1007/s11095-010-0313-5; McCallin S and Brüssow H. Clinical Trials of Bacteriophage Therapeutics. in Harper DR, Abedon ST, Burrowes BH, and McConville ML. Bacteriophages – Biology, Technology, Therapy. Springer. 2017;1-29 und Pirnay JP, Ferry T, Resch G. Recent progress toward the implementation of phage therapy in Western medicine. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2022;46(1):fuab040. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuab040
— «Die Not vieler Patientinnen…», S. 101: Abfragen der Liste klinischer Studien auf www.cochranelibrary.com/central/about-central; clinicaltrials.gov und trialsearch.who.int/; Suchbegriff: «phage therapy», ausgeführt im Februar 2022
— «Harald Brüssow und…», S. 102: McCallin S and Brüssow H. Clinical Trials of Bacteriophage Therapeutics. in Harper DR, Abedon ST, Burrowes BH, and McConville ML. Bacteriophages – Biology, Technology, Therapy. Springer. 2017;1-29 und Górski A, Borysowski J, Międzybrodzki R. Phage Therapy: Towards a Successful Clinical Trial. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(11):827. Published 2020 Nov 19. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9110827
— «David Harper sagte es…», S. 102: Hoffmann C. Harper D. (2021). Phages Before the Phrenzy: Part I — An interview with Dr. David Harper, CEO of Evolution Biotechnologies. Capsid & Tail, (127). Retrieved from phage.directory/capsid/phages-before-the-phrenzy – abgerufen am 15.8.2022 und Harper DR. Criteria for Selecting Suitable Infectious Diseases for Phage Therapy. Viruses. 2018;10(4):177. Published 2018 Apr 5. doi:10.3390/v10040177
— «In der Tat sind…», S. 102: www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210310005077/en/Adaptive-Phage-Therapeutics-Announces-FDA-Clearance-of-IND-Application-for-PhageBank™-in-Treatment-of-Diabetic-Foot-Osteomyelitis – abgerufen am 16.8.2022
— «Und obwohl in Heilversuchen…», S. 103: Abedon ST. Information Phage Therapy Research Should Report. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2017;10(2):43. Published 2017 Apr 30. doi:10.3390/ph10020043
— «Wie die Phagen in…», S. 103: Dąbrowska K. Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review. Med Res Rev. 2019;39(5):2000-2025. doi:10.1002/med.21572; Hatfull GF, Dedrick RM, Schooley RT. Phage Therapy for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections. Annu Rev Med. 2022;73:197-211. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-080219-122208 und Pirnay JP, Ferry T, Resch G. Recent progress toward the implementation of phage therapy in Western medicine. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2022;46(1):fuab040. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuab040
— «Versuche mit Mäusen…», S. 104: Dubos RJ, Straus JH, Pierce C. THE MULTIPLICATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE IN VIVO AND ITS PROTECTIVE EFFECT AGAINST AN EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE. J Exp Med. 1943;78(3):161-168. doi:10.1084/jem.78.3.161
— «Dies hat in manchen Fällen…», S. 105: Hatfull GF, Dedrick RM, Schooley RT. Phage Therapy for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections. Annu Rev Med. 2022;73:197-211. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-080219-122208 und Aslam S, Lampley E, Wooten D, et al. Lessons Learned From the First 10 Consecutive Cases of Intravenous Bacteriophage Therapy to Treat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections at a Single Center in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(9):ofaa389. Published 2020 Aug 27. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa389
— «Wichtig scheint die Wahl…», S. 105: Monribot A, Delattre R, Dufour N, d’Humières C et al. Les bactériophages en pratique clinique : suivez le guide ! De l’approvisionnement à l’administration, erhältlich auf cnhim.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Guide_Pratique_sur_les_bacteriophages_2021.pdf – abgerufen am 16.8.2022
— «Dem ist leider nicht so.», S. 105: Javaudin F, Latour C, Debarbieux L, Lamy-Besnier Q. Intestinal Bacteriophage Therapy: Looking for Optimal Efficacy. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021;34(4):e0013621. doi:10.1128/CMR.00136-21; Lourenço M, Chaffringeon L, Lamy-Besnier Q, et al. The Spatial Heterogeneity of the Gut Limits Predation and Fosters Coexistence of Bacteria and Bacteriophages. Cell Host Microbe. 2020;28(3):390-401.e5. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.002 und Lourenço M, De Sordi L, Debarbieux L. The Diversity of Bacterial Lifestyles Hampers Bacteriophage Tenacity. Viruses. 2018;10(6):327. Published 2018 Jun 15. doi:10.3390/v10060327
— «Andererseits scheinen Phagen…», S. 105: Shan J, Ramachandran A, Thanki AM, Vukusic FBI, Barylski J, Clokie MRJ. Bacteriophages are more virulent to bacteria with human cells than they are in bacterial culture; insights from HT-29 cells. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):5091. Published 2018 Mar 23. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23418-y
— «Wenn man einem Versuchstier…», S. 106: Dąbrowska K. Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review. Med Res Rev. 2019;39(5):2000-2025. doi:10.1002/med.21572
— «Dies zeigen elegante Experimente…», S. 106: Capparelli R, Ventimiglia I, Roperto S, Fenizia D, Iannelli D. Selection of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacteriophage for persistence in the circulatory system of mice infected experimentally. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;12(3):248-253. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01340.x und Merril CR, Biswas B, Carlton R, et al. Long-circulating bacteriophage as antibacterial agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(8):3188-3192. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3188
— «Mittlerweile haben zwar…», S. 106: Petrovic Fabijan A, Lin RCY, Ho J, et al. Safety of bacteriophage therapy in severe Staphylococcus aureus infection [published correction appears in Nat Microbiol. 2020 Apr;5(4):652]. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(3):465-472. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0634-z
— «Etwa zwei Wochen nach…», S. 107: Dąbrowska K. Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review. Med Res Rev. 2019;39(5):2000-2025. doi:10.1002/med.21572
— «In einer Klinik…», S. 107: Dedrick RM, Freeman KG, Nguyen JA, et al. Potent antibody-mediated neutralization limits bacteriophage treatment of a pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus infection. Nat Med. 2021;27(8):1357-1361. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01403-9
— «Es wurden auch Fälle beschrieben…», S. 107: Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Żaczek M, Weber-Dąbrowska B, et al. Antiphage activity of sera during phage therapy in relation to its outcome. Future Microbiol. 2017;12:109-117. doi:10.2217/fmb-2016-0156
— «In einem kürzlich beschriebenen…», S. 107: Paul K, Merabishvili M, Hazan R, et al. Bacteriophage Rescue Therapy of a Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Infection in a One-Year-Old Child following a Third Liver Transplantation. Viruses. 2021;13(9):1785. Published 2021 Sep 7. doi:10.3390/v13091785
— «Der australische Phagenforscher…», S. 108: Barr JJ. A bacteriophages journey through the human body. Immunol Rev. 2017;279(1):106-122. doi:10.1111/imr.12565
— «Einen Hinweis darauf liefern…», S. 107: Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Zaczek M, Weber-Dąbrowska B, et al. Phage neutralization by sera of patients receiving phage therapy. Viral Immunol. 2014;27(6):295-304. doi:10.1089/vim.2013.0128
— «Gegenwärtig ist das…», S. 107: Barr JJ. A bacteriophages journey through the human body. Immunol Rev. 2017;279(1):106-122. doi:10.1111/imr.12565
— «Ein Team um den Phagenforscher…», S. 108: Roach DR, Leung CY, Henry M, et al. Synergy between the Host Immune System and Bacteriophage Is Essential for Successful Phage Therapy against an Acute Respiratory Pathogen. Cell Host Microbe. 2017;22(1):38-47.e4. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.018
— «Welche Dosis wird benötigt?», S. 110: Hatfull GF, Dedrick RM, Schooley RT. Phage Therapy for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections. Annu Rev Med. 2022;73:197-211. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-080219-122208
— «Was man in manchen…», S. 110: McCallin S and Brüssow H. Clinical Trials of Bacteriophage Therapeutics. in Harper DR, Abedon ST, Burrowes BH, and McConville ML. Bacteriophages – Biology, Technology, Therapy. Springer. 2017;1-29 und Payne RJ, Jansen VA. Evidence for a phage proliferation threshold?. J Virol. 2002;76(24):13123-13124. doi:10.1128/jvi.76.24.13123-13124.2002
— «Eine Gruppe von US-Forschern…», S. 111: Liu D, Van Belleghem JD, de Vries CR, et al. The Safety and Toxicity of Phage Therapy: A Review of Animal and Clinical Studies. Viruses. 2021;13(7):1268. Published 2021 Jun 29. doi:10.3390/v13071268
— «Zum Beispiel studierten Forscher…», S. 111: Fong SA, Drilling AJ, Ooi ML, et al. Safety and efficacy of a bacteriophage cocktail in an in vivo model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sinusitis. Transl Res. 2019;206:41-56. doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2018.12.002
— «Wenn ein großer Infektionsherd…», S. 112: Holzheimer RG. Antibiotic induced endotoxin release and clinical sepsis: a review. J Chemother. 2001;13 Spec No 1(1):159-172. doi:10.1179/joc.2001.13.Supplement-2.159
— «In Fallstudien wurden einige…», S. 112: Liu D, Van Belleghem JD, de Vries CR, et al. The Safety and Toxicity of Phage Therapy: A Review of Animal and Clinical Studies. Viruses. 2021;13(7):1268. Published 2021 Jun 29. doi:10.3390/v13071268
— «In einem Fall traten…», S. 112: Doub JB, Ng VY, Johnson AJ, et al. Salvage Bacteriophage Therapy for a Chronic MRSA Prosthetic Joint Infection. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):241. Published 2020 May 9. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9050241 und Khatami A, Lin RCY, Petrovic-Fabijan A, et al. Bacterial lysis, autophagy and innate immune responses during adjunctive phage therapy in a child. EMBO Mol Med. 2021;13(9):e13936. doi:10.15252/emmm.202113936
— «Das enge Wirkspektrum…», S. 113: Qin J, Wu N, Bao J, et al. Heterogeneous Klebsiella pneumoniae Co-infections Complicate Personalized Bacteriophage Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;10:608402. Published 2021 Jan 25. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.608402; McCallin S and Brüssow H. Clinical Trials of Bacteriophage Therapeutics. in Harper DR, Abedon ST, Burrowes BH, and McConville ML. Bacteriophages – Biology, Technology, Therapy. Springer. 2017;1-29 und Van Nieuwenhuyse B, Galant C, Brichard B, et al. A Case of In Situ Phage Therapy against Staphylococcus aureus in a Bone Allograft Polymicrobial Biofilm Infection: Outcomes and Phage-Antibiotic Interactions. Viruses. 2021;13(10):1898. Published 2021 Sep 22. doi:10.3390/v13101898
— Fussnote 8, Seite 114: KNOUF EG, WARD WE. Treatment of typhoid fever with type specific bacteriophage. J Am Med Assoc. 1946;132:134-138. doi:10.1001/jama.1946.02870380016006 und DESRANLEAU JM. Progress in the treatment of typhoid fever with Vi bacteriophages. Can J Public Health. 1949;40(11):473-478.
— «Armata Pharmaceuticals…», S. 115: www.armatapharma.com und www.pherecydes-pharma.com
— «Seither wurde im Rahmen…», S. 115: cordis.europa.eu/article/id/429329-nature-s-viruses-to-the-rescue-to-tackle-antibiotic-resistant-microbes – abgerufen am 16.8.22
— «Allerdings widerspricht…», S. 115: The phage therapy paradigm: prêt-à-porter or sur-mesure?. Pharm Res. 2011;28(4):934-937. doi:10.1007/s11095-010-0313-5
— «Die Strategie der US-Firma…», S. 116: www.aphage.com/science/ – abgerufen am 16.8.2022
— «APT stellte für…», S. 116: www.aphage.com/science/case-studies/ – abgerufen im Februar 2022
— «Die Firma arbeitet mit der…», S. 116: www.aphage.com/adaptive-phage-therapeutics-enters-agreement-with-mayo-clinic-to-commercialize-a-phage-susceptibility-test/ – abgerufen am 16.8.2022
— «Im März 2020…», S. 116: www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200312005192/en/FDA-Clears-First-Clinical-Study-for-a-Polymicrobial-Phage-Library-Based-Treatment-for-Antibiotic-Resistant-Infections – abgerufen am 16.8.2022
6. Kapitel: Phagentherapie konkret
— Fussnote 1, S. 122: Siehe aufgeführte Referenzen zu den Unterkapiteln über Phagentherapie in Georgien und Polen, S. 145-147
— «Infektionen im Zusammenhang mit Gelenkprothesen, Infektionen nach Knochenbrüchen und Knocheninfektionen (Osteomyelitis)», S. 123: Genevière J, McCallin S, Huttner A, Pham TT, Suva D. A systematic review of phage therapy applied to bone and joint infections: an analysis of success rates, treatment modalities and safety. EFORT Open Rev. 2021;6(12):1148-1156. Published 2021 Dec 10. doi:10.1302/2058-5241.6.210073 und in dieser Publikation aufgeführte Referenzen; Clarke AL, De Soir S, Jones JD. The Safety and Efficacy of Phage Therapy for Bone and Joint Infections: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(11):795. Published 2020 Nov 10. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9110795
— «Chronische Wunden und Entzündungen (Ulcus, oft im Zusammenhang mit einer Diabeteserkrankung), infizierte Wunden, meist nach einem chirurgischen Eingriff…», S. 124: Duplessis CA, Biswas B. A Review of Topical Phage Therapy for Chronically Infected Wounds and Preparations for a Randomized Adaptive Clinical Trial Evaluating Topical Phage Therapy in Chronically Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(7):377. Published 2020 Jul 4. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9070377; Fish R, Kutter E, Wheat G, Blasdel B, Kutateladze M, Kuhl S. Compassionate Use of Bacteriophage Therapy for Foot Ulcer Treatment as an Effective Step for Moving Toward Clinical Trials. Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1693:159-170. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7395-8_14; Fish R, Kutter E, Wheat G, et al. Bacteriophage treatment of intransigent diabetic toe ulcers: A case series. J. Wound Care 2016;25(Sup7):S27–S33. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2016.25.7.S27; Steele A, Stacey HJ, de Soir S, Jones JD. The Safety and Efficacy of Phage Therapy for Superficial Bacterial Infections: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(11):754. Published 2020 Oct 29. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9110754; Huon JF, Montassier E, Leroy AG, et al. Phages versus Antibiotics To Treat Infected Diabetic Wounds in a Mouse Model: a Microbiological and Microbiotic Evaluation. mSystems. 2020;5(6):e00542-20. Published 2020 Nov 10. doi:10.1128/mSystems.00542-20; Zyman A, Górski A, Międzybrodzki R. Phage therapy of wound-associated infections. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2022;67(2):193-201. doi:10.1007/s12223-021-00946-1; Rubalskii E, Ruemke S, Salmoukas C, et al. Bacteriophage Therapy for Critical Infections Related to Cardiothoracic Surgery. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):232. Published 2020 May 5. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9050232; Aslam S, Lampley E, Wooten D, et al. Lessons Learned From the First 10 Consecutive Cases of Intravenous Bacteriophage Therapy to Treat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections at a Single Center in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(9):ofaa389. Published 2020 Aug 27. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa389 und Zhvania P, Hoyle NS, Nadareishvili L, Nizharadze D, Kutateladze M. Phage Therapy in a 16-Year-Old Boy with Netherton Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:94. Published 2017 Jul 3. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.00094
— «Lungenentzündung, Atemwegsinfekte, Infekte nach Lungentransplantationen (oft im Zusammenhang mit zystischer Fibrose)», S. 126: Valente L, Prazak J, Que YA, Cameron DR. Progress and Pitfalls of Bacteriophage Therapy in Critical Care: A Concise Definitive Review. Crit Care Explor. 2021;3(3):e0351. Published 2021 Mar 8. doi:10.1097/CCE.0000000000000351 und Zaldastanishvili E, Leshkasheli L, Dadiani M, et al. Phage Therapy Experience at the Eliava Phage Therapy Center: Three Cases of Bacterial Persistence. Viruses. 2021;13(10):1901. Published 2021 Sep 23. doi:10.3390/v13101901
— «Infektionen am Herzen, an herzunterstützenden Implantaten und Gefäßprothesen», S. 127: Rubalskii E, Ruemke S, Salmoukas C, et al. Bacteriophage Therapy for Critical Infections Related to Cardiothoracic Surgery. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):232. Published 2020 May 5. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9050232; Mulzer J, Trampuz A, Potapov EV. Treatment of chronic left ventricular assist device infection with local application of bacteriophages. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2020;57(5):1003-1004. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezz295; Aslam S, Pretorius V, Lehman SM, Morales S, Schooley RT. Novel bacteriophage therapy for treatment of left ventricular assist device infection. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2019;38(4):475-476. doi:10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.001; Exarchos V, Tkhilaishvili T, Potapov E, Starck C, Trampuz A, Schoenrath F. Successful bacteriophage treatment of infection involving cardiac implantable electronic device and aortic graft: a Trojan horse concept. Europace. 2020;22(4):597. doi:10.1093/europace/euz319; Gilbey T, Ho J, Cooley LA, Petrovic Fabijan A, Iredell JR. Adjunctive bacteriophage therapy for prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus. Med J Aust. 2019;211(3):142-143.e1. doi:10.5694/mja2.50274; Chan BK, Turner PE, Kim S, Mojibian HR, Elefteriades JA, Narayan D. Phage treatment of an aortic graft infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Evol Med Public Health. 2018;2018(1):60-66. Published 2018 Mar 8. doi:10.1093/emph/eoy005; Aslam S, Lampley E, Wooten D, et al. Lessons Learned From the First 10 Consecutive Cases of Intravenous Bacteriophage Therapy to Treat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections at a Single Center in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(9):ofaa389. Published 2020 Aug 27. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa389 und Petrovic Fabijan A, Lin RCY, Ho J, et al. Safety of bacteriophage therapy in severe Staphylococcus aureus infection. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(3):465-472. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0634-z
— «Schwere Infektionen und Abszesse in Organen und anderen Geweben, Empyem (Eiteransammlung in einer natürlichen Körperhöhle), Sepsis («Blutvergiftung»), S. 128: Valente L, Prazak J, Que YA, Cameron DR. Progress and Pitfalls of Bacteriophage Therapy in Critical Care: A Concise Definitive Review. Crit Care Explor. 2021;3(3):e0351. Published 2021 Mar 8. doi:10.1097/CCE.0000000000000351; Jennes S, Merabishvili M, Soentjens P, et al. Use of bacteriophages in the treatment of colistin-only-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicaemia in a patient with acute kidney injury-a case report. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):129. Published 2017 Jun 4. doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1709-y; Aslam S, Lampley E, Wooten D, et al. Lessons Learned From the First 10 Consecutive Cases of Intravenous Bacteriophage Therapy to Treat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections at a Single Center in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(9):ofaa389. Published 2020 Aug 27. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa389; Duplessis C, Stockelman MG, Hamilton T, Merril GL et al. A Case Series of Emergency Investigational New Drug Applications for Bacteriophages Treating Recalcitrant Multi-drug Resistant Bacterial Infections: Confirmed Safety and a Signal of Efficacy. J. Intensive Crit. Care. 2019;5:11; Schooley RT, Biswas B, Gill JJ, et al. Development and Use of Personalized Bacteriophage-Based Therapeutic Cocktails To Treat a Patient with a Disseminated Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(10):e00954-17. Published 2017 Sep 22. doi:10.1128/AAC.00954-17; Duplessis C, Biswas B, Hanisch B, et al. Refractory Pseudomonas Bacteremia in a 2-Year-Old Sterilized by Bacteriophage Therapy. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018;7(3):253-256. doi:10.1093/jpids/pix056; Bleibtreu A, Fevre C, Robert J, et al. Combining bacteriophages and dalbavancin for salvage therapy of complex Staphylococcus aureus extradural empyema. Med Mal Infect. 2020;50(5):458-459. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2020.02.004 und Paul K, Merabishvili M, Hazan R, et al. Bacteriophage Rescue Therapy of a Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Infection in a One-Year-Old Child following a Third Liver Transplantation. Viruses. 2021;13(9):1785. Published 2021 Sep 7. doi:10.3390/v13091785
— «Infekte der Harnwege und Prostata», S. 128: Leitner L, Ujmajuridze A, Chanishvili N, et al. Intravesical bacteriophages for treating urinary tract infections in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(3):427-436. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30330-3; Kuipers S, Ruth MM, Mientjes M, de Sévaux RGL, van Ingen J. A Dutch Case Report of Successful Treatment of Chronic Relapsing Urinary Tract Infection with Bacteriophages in a Renal Transplant Patient. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;64(1):e01281-19. Published 2019 Dec 20. doi:10.1128/AAC.01281-19; Johri AV, Johri P, Hoyle N, Pipia L, Nadareishvili L, Nizharadze D. Case Report: Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Treated With Phage Therapy After Multiple Failed Antibiotic Treatments. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:692614. Published 2021 Jun 10. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.692614; Terwilliger A, Clark J, Karris M, et al. Phage Therapy Related Microbial Succession Associated with Successful Clinical Outcome for a Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection. Viruses. 2021;13(10):2049. Published 2021 Oct 12. doi:10.3390/v13102049; Letkiewicz S, Miedzybrodzki R, Fortuna W, Weber-Dabrowska B, Górski A. Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis by phage therapy in chronic bacterial prostatitis–case report. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2009;54(5):457-461. doi:10.1007/s12223-009-0064-z; Khawaldeh A, Morales S, Dillon B, et al. Bacteriophage therapy for refractory Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infection. J Med Microbiol. 2011;60(Pt 11):1697-1700. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.029744-0; Ujmajuridze A, Chanishvili N, Goderdzishvili M, et al. Adapted Bacteriophages for Treating Urinary Tract Infections. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1832. Published 2018 Aug 7. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01832; Corbellino M, Kieffer N, Kutateladze M, et al. Eradication of a Multidrug-Resistant, Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate Following Oral and Intra-rectal Therapy With a Custom Made, Lytic Bacteriophage Preparation. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;70(9):1998-2001. doi:10.1093/cid/ciz782; Bao J, Wu N, Zeng Y, et al. Non-active antibiotic and bacteriophage synergism to successfully treat recurrent urinary tract infection caused by extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):771-774. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1747950; Qin J, Wu N, Bao J, et al. Heterogeneous Klebsiella pneumoniae Co-infections Complicate Personalized Bacteriophage Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;10:608402. Published 2021 Jan 25. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.608402; Duplessis C, Stockelman MG, Hamilton T, Merril GL et al. A Case Series of Emergency Investigational New Drug Applications for Bacteriophages Treating Recalcitrant Multi-drug Resistant Bacterial Infections: Confirmed Safety and a Signal of Efficacy. J. Intensive Crit. Care. 2019;5:11und Aslam S, Lampley E, Wooten D, et al. Lessons Learned From the First 10 Consecutive Cases of Intravenous Bacteriophage Therapy to Treat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections at a Single Center in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(9):ofaa389. Published 2020 Aug 27. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa389
— «Viele Experten sind…», S. 129: Harper DR. Criteria for Selecting Suitable Infectious Diseases for Phage Therapy. Viruses. 2018;10(4):177. Published 2018 Apr 5. doi:10.3390/v10040177
— «Das wird gestützt…», S. 130: Ferry T, Kolenda C, Gustave CA, et al. Virologie (Montrouge). 2020;24(1):4-11. doi:10.1684/vir.2020.0810 und Onsea J, Soentjens P, Djebara S, et al. Bacteriophage Application for Difficult-to-treat Musculoskeletal Infections: Development of a Standardized Multidisciplinary Treatment Protocol. Viruses. 2019;11(10):891. Published 2019 Sep 23. doi:10.3390/v11100891
— «Phagentherapie bei Kindern und Schwangeren», S. 130: Furfaro LL, Chang BJ, Payne MS. Applications for Bacteriophage Therapy during Pregnancy and the Perinatal Period. Front Microbiol. 2018;8:2660. Published 2018 Jan 11. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02660
— Behandlungen von Kindern: Paul K, Merabishvili M, Hazan R, et al. Bacteriophage Rescue Therapy of a Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Infection in a One-Year-Old Child following a Third Liver Transplantation. Viruses. 2021;13(9):1785. Published 2021 Sep 7. doi:10.3390/v13091785; Dedrick RM, Guerrero-Bustamante CA, Garlena RA, et al. Engineered bacteriophages for treatment of a patient with a disseminated drug-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus. Nat Med. 2019;25(5):730-733. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0437-z; Rubalskii E, Ruemke S, Salmoukas C, et al. Bacteriophage Therapy for Critical Infections Related to Cardiothoracic Surgery. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):232. Published 2020 May 5. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9050232; Lebeaux D, Merabishvili M, Caudron E, et al. A Case of Phage Therapy against Pandrug-Resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a 12-Year-Old Lung-Transplanted Cystic Fibrosis Patient. Viruses. 2021;13(1):60. Published 2021 Jan 5. doi:10.3390/v13010060; Khatami A, Lin RCY, Petrovic-Fabijan A, et al. Bacterial lysis, autophagy and innate immune responses during adjunctive phage therapy in a child. EMBO Mol Med. 2021;13(9):e13936. doi:10.15252/emmm.202113936; www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-15/antibiotic-resistant-superbug-bacteriophage-therapy/12213010 – abgerufen am 19.8.2022; Van Nieuwenhuyse B, Galant C, Brichard B, et al. A Case of In Situ Phage Therapy against Staphylococcus aureus in a Bone Allograft Polymicrobial Biofilm Infection: Outcomes and Phage-Antibiotic Interactions. Viruses. 2021;13(10):1898. Published 2021 Sep 22. doi:10.3390/v13101898; Hoyle N, Zhvaniya P, Balarjishvili N, et al. Phage therapy against Achromobacter xylosoxidans lung infection in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report. Res Microbiol. 2018;169(9):540-542. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.001; Kvachadze L, Balarjishvili N, Meskhi T, et al. Evaluation of lytic activity of staphylococcal bacteriophage Sb-1 against freshly isolated clinical pathogens. Microb Biotechnol. 2011;4(5):643-650. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00259.x; Duplessis C, Biswas B, Hanisch B, et al. Refractory Pseudomonas Bacteremia in a 2-Year-Old Sterilized by Bacteriophage Therapy. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018;7(3):253-256. doi:10.1093/jpids/pix056; Zhvania P, Hoyle NS, Nadareishvili L, Nizharadze D, Kutateladze M. Phage Therapy in a 16-Year-Old Boy with Netherton Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:94. Published 2017 Jul 3. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.00094 und Sarker SA, Sultana S, Reuteler G, et al. Oral Phage Therapy of Acute Bacterial Diarrhea With Two Coliphage Preparations: A Randomized Trial in Children From Bangladesh. EBioMedicine. 2016;4:124-137. Published 2016 Jan 5. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.12.023
— «Wie bei Erwachsenen…», S. 131: www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/ – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «In einem Übersichtsartikel…», S. 132: Howard-Jones AR, Iredell JR, Khatami A. Phage therapy in pediatrics: the way forward for difficult-to-treat infections?. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022;20(4):487-491. doi:10.1080/14787210.2022.1990755
— «In Australien entwickelten…», S. 132: criticalinfection.com/phage-australia/; anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=382817&isReview=true und anzctr.org.au/Steps11and12/382817-(Uploaded-24-12-2021-03-33-28)-Study-related-document.pdf – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Ein Review zum Thema…», S. 133: Furfaro LL, Chang BJ, Payne MS. Applications for Bacteriophage Therapy during Pregnancy and the Perinatal Period. Front Microbiol. 2018;8:2660. Published 2018 Jan 11. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02660
— «In Deutschland, der Schweiz…», S. 133: www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/; Fürst-Wilmes M, Respondek V, Lilienthal N, Brake B, und Düchting, A. Bacteriophages as medicinal products – a regulatory perspective. Bakteriophagen als Arzneimittel – eine regulatorische Perspektive. PHARMAKON. 2021;9(6):461-468 doi: doi.org/10.1691/pn.20210047; www.basg.gv.at/fileadmin/redakteure/01_Formulare_Listen/I/L_I235_Information_zum_Heilversuch_Named_Patient_Use_in_Oesterreich_de.pdf – abgerufen am 19.8.2022; pers. Auskunft L. Jaggi/Swissmedic
— «In den Richtlinien…», S. 133: www.samw.ch/dam/jcr:c2e8543e-78d6-4714-8098-97553ece1cb6/richtlinien_samw_standardtherapie.pdf – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Im Rahmen der deutschen Projekte…», S. 134: phage4cure.de und www.phagoflow.de – beide abgerufen am 19.8.2022; Dannheim A, Korf I, Wienecke S, Ziehr H. Phage manufacturing process for an old therapy in new clothes. Herstellungsverfahren von Phagen für eine alte Therapie in neuen Kleidern PHARMAKON. 2021;9(6):446-453 doi: doi.org/10.1691/pn.20210045
— «Wenn Sie an einer Infektion…», S. 135: McCallin S, Sacher JC, Zheng J, Chan BK. Current State of Compassionate Phage Therapy. Viruses. 2019;11(4):343. Published 2019 Apr 12. doi:10.3390/v11040343
— «In einem Interview…», S. 136: LeMieux J. Phage Therapy May Combine Efficacy and Convenience. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. 2020;40(2):42-44. doi:10.1089/gen.40.02.13
— «Phagenbehandlungen von diabetischen…», S. 137: Fish R, Kutter E, Wheat G, et al. Bacteriophage treatment of intransigent diabetic toe ulcers: A case series. J. Wound Care 2016;25(Sup7):S27–S33. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2016.25.7.S27
— «Und es wurde berichtet…», S. 137: Aslam S, Lampley E, Wooten D, et al. Lessons Learned From the First 10 Consecutive Cases of Intravenous Bacteriophage Therapy to Treat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections at a Single Center in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(9):ofaa389. Published 2020 Aug 27. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa389
— «In der klinischen Studie…», S. 138: Wright A, Hawkins CH, Anggård EE, Harper DR. A controlled clinical trial of a therapeutic bacteriophage preparation in chronic otitis due to antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; a preliminary report of efficacy. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009;34(4):349-357. doi:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2009.01973.x
— «Ähnliches wird zum Beispiel…», S. 138: Terwilliger A, Clark J, Karris M, et al. Phage Therapy Related Microbial Succession Associated with Successful Clinical Outcome for a Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection. Viruses. 2021;13(10):2049. Published 2021 Oct 12. doi:10.3390/v13102049;
— «Ein weiteres Beispiel…», S. 139: Qin J, Wu N, Bao J, et al. Heterogeneous Klebsiella pneumoniae Co-infections Complicate Personalized Bacteriophage Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;10:608402. Published 2021 Jan 25. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.608402
— «Seit 2018 gibt es…», S. 140: Pirnay JP, Verbeken G, Ceyssens PJ, et al. The Magistral Phage. Viruses. 2018;10(2):64. Published 2018 Feb 6. doi:10.3390/v10020064; www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5850371/bin/viruses-10-00064-s001.pdf – abgerufen am 19.8.2022; McCallin S, Sacher JC, Zheng J, Chan BK. Current State of Compassionate Phage Therapy. Viruses. 2019;11(4):343. Published 2019 Apr 12. doi:10.3390/v11040343 und Djebara S, Maussen C, De Vos D, et al. Processing Phage Therapy Requests in a Brussels Military Hospital: Lessons Identified. Viruses. 2019;11(3):265. Published 2019 Mar 17. doi:10.3390/v11030265
— «Trotzdem sei die Zahl…», S. 141: www.newscientist.com/article/2304997-phage-therapies-for-superbug-infections-are-being-tested-in-belgium/ – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «In Deutschland wurde vor einigen Jahren…», S. 141: Classen A, Würstle S, Willy C, Vehreschild MJGT. Clinical use of bacteriophages – Klinische Anwendung von Bakteriophagen. PHARMAKON. 2021;9(6):469-475 doi: doi.org/10.1691/pn.20210048; Dannheim A, Korf I, Wienecke S, Ziehr H. Phage manufacturing process for an old therapy in new clothes. Herstellungsverfahren von Phagen für eine alte Therapie in neuen Kleidern PHARMAKON. 2021;9(6):446-453 doi: doi.org/10.1691/pn.20210045 und Willy C. persönliche Auskunft
— «Wie Belgien hat auch Frankreich…», S. 141: Monribot A, Delattre R, Dufour N, d’Humières C et al. Les bactériophages en pratique clinique : suivez le guide ! De l’approvisionnement à l’administration, erhältlich auf cnhim.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Guide_Pratique_sur_les_bacteriophages_2021.pdf – abgerufen am 16.8.2022; ansm.sante.fr/actualites/phagotherapie-publication-du-compte-rendu-du-csst-phagotherapie-retour-dexperience-et-perspectives und ansm.sante.fr/uploads/2020/10/16/20201016-cr-csst-phagotherapie-csst201611013-24-03-2016.pdf – beide abgerufen am 19.8.2022; www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/content/download/332619/3251472/version/3/file/OPECST_2021_0011_note_phagothérapie.pdf – abgerufen am 15.8.2022; www.crioac-lyon.fr/en/ – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Zu nennen ist das…», S. 143: medschool.ucsd.edu/som/medicine/divisions/idgph/research/center-innovative-phage-applications-and-therapeutics/Pages/default.aspx – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Kürzlich hat die…», S. 143: www.yalephagecenter.com – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Ein Labor des texanischen…», S. 143: www.bcm.edu/research/research-centers/tailor – abgerufen am 19.8.2022 und Terwilliger AL, Gu Liu C, Green SI, Clark JR, Salazar KC et al. Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research: Personalized Infectious Disease Medicine for the Most Vulnerable At-Risk Patients. Phage (New Rochelle). 2020 Jun 1;1(2):66-74. doi: 10.1089/phage.2020.0007. Epub 2020 Jun 16
— «In Australien hat sich…», S. 143: criticalinfection.com/phage-australia/; anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=382817&isReview=true und anzctr.org.au/Steps11and12/382817-(Uploaded-24-12-2021-03-33-28)-Study-related-document.pdf – beide abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Das Eliava-Institut…», S. 145: Kutateladze M, Adamia R. Phage therapy experience at the Eliava Institute. Med Mal Infect. 2008 Aug;38(8):426-30. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2008.06.023. Epub 2008 Aug 6 und eptc.ge – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Heute verfügt es über…», S. 145: Zaldastanishvili E, Leshkasheli L, Dadiani M, Nadareishvili L, Askilashvili L, Kvatadze N, Goderdzishvili M, Kutateladze M, Balarjishvili N. Phage Therapy Experience at the Eliava Phage Therapy Center: Three Cases of Bacterial Persistence. Viruses. 2021 Sep 23;13(10):1901. doi: 10.3390/v13101901; Kutateladze M. Experience of the Eliava Institute in bacteriophage therapy. Virol Sin. 2015 Feb;30(1):80-1. doi: 10.1007/s12250-014-3557-0.
— «Die Zulassung stützt sich…», S. 145: Chanishvili N. Bacteriophages as Therapeutic and Prophylactic Means: Summary of the Soviet and Post Soviet Experiences. Curr Drug Deliv. 2016;13(3):309-23. doi: 10.2174/156720181303160520193946. und McCallin S, Sacher JC, Zheng J, Chan BK. Current State of Compassionate Phage Therapy. Viruses. 2019 Apr 12;11(4):343. doi: 10.3390/v11040343.
— «Auch Patientinnen und Patienten…», S. 145: Międzybrodzki R, Hoyle N, Zhvaniya F, Łusiak-Szelachowska M et al. Current Updates from the Long-Standing Phage Research Centers in Georgia, Poland, and Russia. In Harper DR, Abedon ST, Burrowes BH, and McConville ML. Bacteriophages – Biology, Technology, Therapy. Springer. 2021;1-2268-2348
— «In den letzten Jahren…», S 145: Villarroel J, Larsen MV, Kilstrup M, Nielsen M. Metagenomic Analysis of Therapeutic PYO Phage Cocktails from 1997 to 2014. Viruses. 2017;9(11):328. Published 2017 Nov 3. doi:10.3390/v9110328; McCallin S, Sarker SA, Sultana S, Oechslin F, Brüssow H. Metagenome analysis of Russian and Georgian Pyophage cocktails and a placebo-controlled safety trial of single phage versus phage cocktail in healthy Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Environ Microbiol. 2018;20(9):3278-3293. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.14310 und Zschach H, Joensen KG, Lindhard B, et al. What Can We Learn from a Metagenomic Analysis of a Georgian Bacteriophage Cocktail?. Viruses. 2015;7(12):6570-6589. Published 2015 Dec 12. doi:10.3390/v7122958
— «Einer beschreibt eine…», S. 146: Fadlallah A, Chelala E, Legeais JM. Corneal Infection Therapy with Topical Bacteriophage Administration. Open Ophthalmol J. 2015;9:167-168. Published 2015 Nov 4. doi:10.2174/1874364101509010167
— «In einem anderen Bericht», S. 146: Ferry T, Kolenda C, Gustave CA, et al. Virologie (Montrouge). 2020;24(1):4-11. doi:10.1684/vir.2020.0810
— «Die Wissenschaftlerinnen des EPTC…», S. 146: Zhvania P, Hoyle NS, Nadareishvili L, Nizharadze D, Kutateladze M. Phage Therapy in a 16-Year-Old Boy with Netherton Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:94. Published 2017 Jul 3. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.00094; Zaldastanishvili E, Leshkasheli L, Dadiani M, et al. Phage Therapy Experience at the Eliava Phage Therapy Center: Three Cases of Bacterial Persistence. Viruses. 2021;13(10):1901. Published 2021 Sep 23. doi:10.3390/v13101901 und Johri AV, Johri P, Hoyle N, Pipia L, Nadareishvili L, Nizharadze D. Case Report: Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Treated With Phage Therapy After Multiple Failed Antibiotic Treatments. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:692614. Published 2021 Jun 10. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.692614
— «Kommerzielle Cocktails…», S. 146: Tkhilaishvili T, Winkler T, Müller M, Perka C, Trampuz A. Bacteriophages as Adjuvant to Antibiotics for the Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;64(1):e00924-19. Published 2019 Dec 20. doi:10.1128/AAC.00924-19; Mulzer J, Trampuz A, Potapov EV. Treatment of chronic left ventricular assist device infection with local application of bacteriophages. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2020;57(5):1003-1004. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezz295; Exarchos V, Tkhilaishvili T, Potapov E, Starck C, Trampuz A, Schoenrath F. Successful bacteriophage treatment of infection involving cardiac implantable electronic device and aortic graft: a Trojan horse concept. Europace. 2020;22(4):597. doi:10.1093/europace/euz319; Khawaldeh A, Morales S, Dillon B, et al. Bacteriophage therapy for refractory Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infection. J Med Microbiol. 2011;60(Pt 11):1697-1700. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.029744-0; Neuts AS, Berkhout HJ, Hartog A, Goosen JHM. Bacteriophage therapy cures a recurrent Enterococcus faecalis infected total hip arthroplasty? A case report. Acta Orthop. 2021;92(6):678-680. doi:10.1080/17453674.2021.1968714; Fish R, Kutter E, Wheat G, et al. Bacteriophage treatment of intransigent diabetic toe ulcers: A case series. J. Wound Care 2016;25(Sup7):S27–S33. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2016.25.7.S27 und Corbellino M, Kieffer N, Kutateladze M, et al. Eradication of a Multidrug-Resistant, Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate Following Oral and Intra-rectal Therapy With a Custom Made, Lytic Bacteriophage Preparation. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;70(9):1998-2001. doi:10.1093/cid/ciz782
— «Ein EPTC-Team…», S. 146: Hoyle N, Zhvaniya P, Balarjishvili N, et al. Phage therapy against Achromobacter xylosoxidans lung infection in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report. Res Microbiol. 2018;169(9):540-542. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.001
— «Auch in Polen…», S. 147: Międzybrodzki R, Hoyle N, Zhvaniya F, Łusiak-Szelachowska M et al. Current Updates from the Long-Standing Phage Research Centers in Georgia, Poland, and Russia. In Harper DR, Abedon ST, Burrowes BH, and McConville ML. Bacteriophages – Biology, Technology, Therapy. Springer. 2021;1-2268-2348 und viele Referenzen darin
— «Die Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftler…», S. 147: Dąbrowska K. Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review. Med Res Rev. 2019;39(5):2000-2025. doi:10.1002/med.21572; Letkiewicz S, Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Międzybrodzki R, Żaczek M, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Górski A. Low Immunogenicity of Intravesical Phage Therapy for Urogenitary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10(6):627. Published 2021 May 25. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10060627 und Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Żaczek M, Weber-Dąbrowska B, et al. Antiphage activity of sera during phage therapy in relation to its outcome. Future Microbiol. 2017;12:109-117. doi:10.2217/fmb-2016-0156
— «Das staatliche Unternehmen…», S. 148: www.bacteriofag.ru; www.microgen.ru/en/company und www.microgen.ru/en/products/bakteriofagi/ – alle abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «So wurden in den letzten Jahren…», S. 148: www.bacteriofag.ru/press/news/v-rossii-otkrylsya-biologicheskiy-resursnyy-tsentr-po-izucheniyu-bakteriofagov-/; www.bacteriofag.ru/press/news/preparaty-bakteriofagov-vklyucheny-v-klinicheskie-rekomendatsii-po-urologii-/; www.bacteriofag.ru/press/news/preparaty-bakteriofagov-vklyucheny-v-federalnye-klinicheskie-rekomendatsii-po-ostromu-sinusitu/ – alle abgerufen am 19.8.2022 – übersetzt via Google Translate
— «Phagen werden in Russland…», S. 148: www.bacteriofag.ru/press/news/ – abgerufen am 19.8.2022 – übersetzt via Google Translate
— «Auch eine Reihe russischer…», S. 148: Aleshkin AV, Ershova ON, Volozhantsev NV, et al. Phagebiotics in treatment and prophylaxis of healthcare-associated infections. Bacteriophage. 2016;6(4):e1251379. Published 2016 Oct 21. doi:10.1080/21597081.2016.1251379; Morozova VV, Vlassov VV, Tikunova NV. Applications of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Localized Infections in Humans. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1696. Published 2018 Aug 2. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01696 und Aleshkin AV, Rubalskii EO, Volozhantsev NV, et al. A small-scale experiment of using phage-based probiotic dietary supplement for prevention of E. coli traveler’s diarrhea. Bacteriophage. 2015;5(3):e1074329. Published 2015 Jul 24. doi:10.1080/21597081.2015.1074329
— «In einigen Studien wurden Phagenpräparate…», S. 148: McCallin S, Sarker SA, Sultana S, Oechslin F, Brüssow H. Metagenome analysis of Russian and Georgian Pyophage cocktails and a placebo-controlled safety trial of single phage versus phage cocktail in healthy Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Environ Microbiol. 2018;20(9):3278-3293. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.14310; McCallin S, Alam Sarker S, Barretto C, et al. Safety analysis of a Russian phage cocktail: from metagenomic analysis to oral application in healthy human subjects. Virology. 2013;443(2):187-196. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.022 und Kornienko M, Kuptsov N, Gorodnichev R, et al. Contribution of Podoviridae and Myoviridae bacteriophages to the effectiveness of anti-staphylococcal therapeutic cocktails. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):18612. Published 2020 Oct 29. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75637-x
— «Im Jahr 2018 hat…», S. 149: www.kirchhoff-anwalt.de/overall/doc/2018/UrteilSozialgericht.pdf – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «In einem Urteil des…», S. 150: www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Entscheidungen/DE/2005/12/rs20051206_1bvr034798.html – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Anwalt Burkhard Kirchhoff…», S. 150: Kirchhoff B, persönl. Mitteilung (Kirchhoff-anwalt.de)
— «In der Schweiz sieht…», S. 150: Gogniat G, Bundesamt für Gesundheit (BAG). persönl. Mitteilung
7. Kapitel: Phagen-Zukünfte
— «Zum Beispiel skizzieren…», S. 152: Howard-Jones AR, Iredell JR, Khatami A. Phage therapy in pediatrics: the way forward for difficult-to-treat infections?. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022;20(4):487-491. doi:10.1080/14787210.2022.1990755
— «In den USA bietet…», S. 153: Febvre HP, Rao S, Gindin M, et al. PHAGE Study: Effects of Supplemental Bacteriophage Intake on Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults. Nutrients. 2019;11(3):666. Published 2019 Mar 20. doi:10.3390/nu11030666 und Grubb DS, Wrigley SD, Freedman KE, et al. PHAGE-2 Study: Supplemental Bacteriophages Extend Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL04 Benefits on Gut Health and Microbiota in Healthy Adults. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2474. Published 2020 Aug 17. doi:10.3390/nu12082474
— «Oft wird die Behandlung…», S. 153: Khatami A, Lin RCY, Petrovic-Fabijan A, et al. Bacterial lysis, autophagy and innate immune responses during adjunctive phage therapy in a child. EMBO Mol Med. 2021;13(9):e13936. doi:10.15252/emmm.202113936 und Paul K, Merabishvili M, Hazan R, et al. Bacteriophage Rescue Therapy of a Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Infection in a One-Year-Old Child following a Third Liver Transplantation. Viruses. 2021;13(9):1785. Published 2021 Sep 7. doi:10.3390/v13091785
— «Verschiedene Gruppen…», S. 154: Onsea J, Uyttebroek S, Chen B, et al. Bacteriophage Therapy for Difficult-to-Treat Infections: The Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Phage Task Force (The PHAGEFORCE Study Protocol). Viruses. 2021;13(8):1543. Published 2021 Aug 5. doi:10.3390/v13081543; Gelman D, Yerushalmy O, Alkalay-Oren S, et al. Clinical Phage Microbiology: a suggested framework and recommendations for the in-vitro matching steps of phage therapy. Lancet Microbe. 2021;2(10):e555-e563. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00127-0 und Suh GA, Lodise TP, Tamma PD, et al. Considerations for the Use of Phage Therapy in Clinical Practice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022;66(3):e0207121. doi:10.1128/AAC.02071-21. Weitere Beispiele für einen Dialog unter Fachleuten, um die Phagentherapie zu verbessern: Duyvejonck H, Merabishvili M, Vaneechoutte M, et al. Evaluation of the Stability of Bacteriophages in Different Solutions Suitable for the Production of Magistral Preparations in Belgium. Viruses. 2021;13(5):865. Published 2021 May 8. doi:10.3390/v13050865; Expert round table on acceptance and re-implementation of bacteriophage therapy, Sybesma W, Rohde C, et al. Silk Route to the Acceptance and Re-Implementation of Bacteriophage Therapy-Part II. Antibiotics (Basel). 2018;7(2):35. Published 2018 Apr 23. doi:10.3390/antibiotics7020035; Expert round table on acceptance and re-implementation of bacteriophage therapy. Silk route to the acceptance and re-implementation of bacteriophage therapy. Biotechnol J. 2016;11(5):595-600. doi:10.1002/biot.201600023 und Würstle S, Stender J, Hammerl JA, et al. Practical Assessment of an Interdisciplinary Bacteriophage Delivery Pipeline for Personalized Therapy of Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022;15(2):186. Published 2022 Feb 2. doi:10.3390/ph15020186
— «Neben dem australischen…», S. 154: McCallin S, Sacher JC, Zheng J, Chan BK. Current State of Compassionate Phage Therapy. Viruses. 2019;11(4):343. Published 2019 Apr 12. doi:10.3390/v11040343; Suh GA, Lodise TP, Tamma PD, et al. Considerations for the Use of Phage Therapy in Clinical Practice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022;66(3):e0207121. doi:10.1128/AAC.02071-21 und McCallin S, persönl. Mitteilung
— «Zumindest haben Mitarbeiter…», Seite 155: Fürst-Wilmes M, Respondek V, Lilienthal N, Brake B, und Düchting, A. Bacteriophages as medicinal products – a regulatory perspective. Bakteriophagen als Arzneimittel – eine regulatorische Perspektive. PHARMAKON. 2021;9(6):461-468 doi: doi.org/10.1691/pn.20210047
— «Namhafte Exponenten…», S. 157: Pirnay JP, Ferry T, Resch G. Recent progress toward the implementation of phage therapy in Western medicine. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2022;46(1):fuab040. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuab040 und Ferry T, Kolenda C, Briot T, et al. Implementation of a complex bone and joint infection phage therapy centre in France: lessons to be learned after 4 years› experience. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28(1):145-146. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.09.027
— «Die zuständige europäische Kommission…», S. 158: www.edqm.eu/documents/52006/84827/press-release-ph-eur-170th-ph-eur-commission-outcomes-june_2021.pdf/00c9dba7-8c27-e1de-85bc-719579d31df2?t=1627027401271 – abgerufen am 19.8.2022 und Fürst-Wilmes M, Respondek V, Lilienthal N, Brake B, und Düchting, A. Bacteriophages as medicinal products – a regulatory perspective. Bakteriophagen als Arzneimittel – eine regulatorische Perspektive. PHARMAKON. 2021;9(6):461-468 doi: doi.org/10.1691/pn.20210047
— «Laut Einschätzung von Experten…», S. 158: Verbeken G, Pirnay JP. European regulatory aspects of phage therapy: magistral phage preparations. Curr Opin Virol. 2022;52:24-29. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2021.11.005
— «Nach Einschätzung vieler…», S. 158: Verbeken G, Pirnay JP. European regulatory aspects of phage therapy: magistral phage preparations. Curr Opin Virol. 2022;52:24-29. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2021.11.005 und Fauconnier A, Nagel TE, Fauconnier C, et al. The Unique Role That WHO Could Play in Implementing Phage Therapy to Combat the Global Antibiotic Resistance Crisis. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:1982. Published 2020 Sep 3. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01982
— «Würde für die personalisierte…», S. 158: Bretaudeau L, Tremblais K, Aubrit F, Meichenin M, Arnaud I. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Compliance for Phage Therapy Medicinal Products. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:1161. Published 2020 Jun 4. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01161
— «Expertengruppen haben…», S. 158: Pirnay JP, Blasdel BG, Bretaudeau L, et al. Quality and safety requirements for sustainable phage therapy products. Pharm Res. 2015;32(7):2173-2179. doi:10.1007/s11095-014-1617-7; Pirnay JP, Merabishvili M, Van Raemdonck H, De Vos D, Verbeken G. Bacteriophage Production in Compliance with Regulatory Requirements. Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1693:233-252. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7395-8_18; João J, Lampreia J, Prazeres DMF, Azevedo AM. Manufacturing of bacteriophages for therapeutic applications. Biotechnol Adv. 2021;49:107758. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107758; Duyvejonck H, Merabishvili M, Vaneechoutte M, et al. Evaluation of the Stability of Bacteriophages in Different Solutions Suitable for the Production of Magistral Preparations in Belgium. Viruses. 2021;13(5):865. Published 2021 May 8. doi:10.3390/v13050865; Merabishvili M, Pirnay JP, Verbeken G, et al. Quality-controlled small-scale production of a well-defined bacteriophage cocktail for use in human clinical trials. PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4944. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004944; Luong T, Salabarria AC, Edwards RA, Roach DR. Standardized bacteriophage purification for personalized phage therapy. Nat Protoc. 2020;15(9):2867-2890. doi:10.1038/s41596-020-0346-0; Hietala V, Horsma-Heikkinen J, Carron A, Skurnik M, Kiljunen S. The Removal of Endo- and Enterotoxins From Bacteriophage Preparations. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1674. Published 2019 Jul 23. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01674 und Mutti M, Corsini L. Robust Approaches for the Production of Active Ingredient and Drug Product for Human Phage Therapy. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:2289. Published 2019 Oct 8. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02289
— «In den letzten Jahren…», S. 158: jafral.com – abgerufen am 19.8.2022; clean-cells.com/your-products/phage-therapy-clean-cells/ – abgerufen im Februar 2022 – am 16.8.2022 war diese Seite nicht mehr abrufbar
— «Die australische Phagengruppe…», S. 159: criticalinfection.com/phage-australia/ – abgerufen am 19.8.2022 und Iredell J, persönl. Mitteilung
— «Diese Zusammenhänge…», S. 160: Gordillo Altamirano FL, Barr JJ. Unlocking the next generation of phage therapy: the key is in the receptors. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2021;68:115-123. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2020.10.002
— «Manche Forscher sind…», S. 160: Yang Y, Shen W, Zhong Q, et al. Development of a Bacteriophage Cocktail to Constrain the Emergence of Phage-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:327. Published 2020 Mar 4. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00327
— «Es gibt noch weitere Möglichkeiten…», S. 160: Chan BK, Turner PE, Kim S, Mojibian HR, Elefteriades JA, Narayan D. Phage treatment of an aortic graft infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Evol Med Public Health. 2018;2018(1):60-66. Published 2018 Mar 8. doi:10.1093/emph/eoy005; Gurney J, Brown SP, Kaltz O, Hochberg ME. Steering Phages to Combat Bacterial Pathogens. Trends Microbiol. 2020;28(2):85-94. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2019.10.007; Gurney J, Pradier L, Griffin JS, et al. Phage steering of antibiotic-resistance evolution in the bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Evol Med Public Health. 2020;2020(1):148-157. Published 2020 Jul 11. doi:10.1093/emph/eoaa026; Gurney J, Brown SP. Building reusable phage and antibiotic treatments via exploitation of bacteria-phage coevolutionary dynamics. Preprin bioRxiv. 2021 doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.31.437900 und Markwitz P, Lood C, Olszak T, van Noort V, Lavigne R, Drulis-Kawa Z. Genome-driven elucidation of phage-host interplay and impact of phage resistance evolution on bacterial fitness. ISME J. 2022;16(2):533-542. doi:10.1038/s41396-021-01096-5
— «Ein wichtiger Gedanke…», S. 161: Ormälä AM, Jalasvuori M. Phage therapy: Should bacterial resistance to phages be a concern, even in the long run?. Bacteriophage. 2013;3(1):e24219. doi:10.4161/bact.24219 und Cohan FM, Zandi M, Turner PE. Broadscale phage therapy is unlikely to select for widespread evolution of bacterial resistance to virus infection. Virus Evol. 2020;6(2):veaa060. Published 2020 Aug 25. doi:10.1093/ve/veaa060
— «In einem Experiment mussten…», S. 161: Kortright KE, Doss-Gollin S, Chan BK, Turner PE. Evolution of Bacterial Cross-Resistance to Lytic Phages and Albicidin Antibiotic. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:658374. Published 2021 Jun 17. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.658374
— «Gentechnisch aufgerüstete Phagen, S. 162: Meile S, Du J, Dunne M, Kilcher S, Loessner MJ. Engineering therapeutic phages for enhanced antibacterial efficacy. Curr Opin Virol. 2022;52:182-191. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2021.12.003 und Heilmann S, Sneppen K, Krishna S. Sustainability of virulence in a phage-bacterial ecosystem. J Virol. 2010;84(6):3016-3022. doi:10.1128/JVI.02326-09
— «Ein anderer Ansatz…», S. 162: Kilcher S, Studer P, Muessner C, Klumpp J, Loessner MJ. Cross-genus rebooting of custom-made, synthetic bacteriophage genomes in L-form bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(3):567-572. doi:10.1073/pnas.1714658115; Yehl K, Lemire S, Yang AC, et al. Engineering Phage Host-Range and Suppressing Bacterial Resistance through Phage Tail Fiber Mutagenesis. Cell. 2019;179(2):459-469.e9. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.015 und Dunne M, Rupf B, Tala M, et al. Reprogramming Bacteriophage Host Range through Structure-Guided Design of Chimeric Receptor Binding Proteins. Cell Rep. 2019;29(5):1336-1350.e4. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.062
— «Die britische Firma…», S. 163: Cass J, Barnard A, Fairhead H. Engineered Bacteriophage as a Delivery Vehicle for Antibacterial Protein, SASP. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(10):1038. Published 2021 Oct 12. doi:10.3390/ph14101038 und phicotx.co.uk – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Locus hat bereits…», S. 164: www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/02/24/2181504/0/en/Locus-Biosciences-completes-first-of-its-kind-controlled-clinical-trial-for-CRISPR-enhanced-bacteriophage-therapy.html – abgerufen am 19.8.2022 und Reardon S. Modified viruses deliver death to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Nature. 2017:546,587–588. doi: doi.org/10.1038/nature.2017.22173
— «Mögliche Risiken müsse man…», S. 164: Meile S, Du J, Dunne M, Kilcher S, Loessner MJ. Engineering therapeutic phages for enhanced antibacterial efficacy. Curr Opin Virol. 2022;52:182-191. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2021.12.003
— «Phagenlysine: Könnte ein Teil…», S. 164: Danis-Wlodarczyk KM, Wozniak DJ, Abedon ST. Treating Bacterial Infections with Bacteriophage-Based Enzybiotics: In Vitro, In Vivo and Clinical Application. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10(12):1497. Published 2021 Dec 6. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10121497 und Ho MKY, Zhang P, Chen X, Xia J, Leung SSY. Bacteriophage endolysins against gram-positive bacteria, an overview on the clinical development and recent advances on the delivery and formulation strategies. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2022;48(3):303-326. doi:10.1080/1040841X.2021.1962803
— «Seit etwa 20 Jahren…», S. 165: Moreau M, Seité S, Aguilar L, et al. Topical S. aureus – Targeting Endolysin Significantly Improves Symptoms and QoL in Individuals With Atopic Dermatitis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(12):1323-1328. doi:10.36849/jdd.6363; de Wit J, Totté JEE, van Mierlo MMF, et al. Endolysin treatment against Staphylococcus aureus in adults with atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;144(3):860-863. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.05.020 und Totté JEE, van Doorn MB, Pasmans SGMA. Successful Treatment of Chronic Staphylococcus aureus-Related Dermatoses with the Topical Endolysin Staphefekt SA.100: A Report of 3 Cases. Case Rep Dermatol. 2017;9(2):19-25. Published 2017 May 22. doi:10.1159/000473872
— «Die US-Firma Contrafect», S. 165: Fowler VG Jr, Das AF, Lipka-Diamond J, et al. Exebacase for patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection and endocarditis. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(7):3750-3760. doi:10.1172/JCI136577; Moorthy GS, Greenberg RG, Hornik CD, et al. Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Exebacase in an Infant with Disseminated Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;ciab1015. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab1015; Ferry T, Batailler C, Souche A, et al. Arthroscopic «Debridement and Implant Retention» With Local Administration of Exebacase (Lysin CF-301) Followed by Suppressive Tedizolid as Salvage Therapy in Elderly Patients for Relapsing Multidrug-Resistant S. epidermidis Prosthetic Knee Infection. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:550853. Published 2021 May 14. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.550853; Swift SM, Sauve K, Cassino C, Schuch R. Exebacase Is Active In Vitro in Pulmonary Surfactant and Is Efficacious Alone and Synergistic with Daptomycin in a Mouse Model of Lethal Staphylococcus aureus Lung Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2021;65(9):e0272320. doi:10.1128/AAC.02723-20 und Karau MJ, Schmidt-Malan SM, Mandrekar J, et al. Activity of Lysin CF-296 Alone and in Addition to Daptomycin in a Rat Model of Experimental Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2021;65(6):e00117-21. Published 2021 May 18. doi:10.1128/AAC.00117-21
— «Auch andere Firmen…», S. 166: Landlinger C, Tisakova L, Oberbauer V, et al. Engineered Phage Endolysin Eliminates Gardnerella Biofilm without Damaging Beneficial Bacteria in Bacterial Vaginosis Ex Vivo. Pathogens. 2021;10(1):54. Published 2021 Jan 8. doi:10.3390/pathogens10010054; Sumrall ET, Hofstee MI, Arens D, et al. An Enzybiotic Regimen for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Orthopaedic Device-Related Infection. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10(10):1186. Published 2021 Sep 29. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10101186 und www.lysando.com – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Um 2005 kostete es…», S. 166: Lunshof JE, Bobe J, Aach J, et al. Personal genomes in progress: from the human genome project to the personal genome project. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2010;12(1):47-60. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.1/jlunshof
— «Denkbar werden damit…», S. 166: Gordillo Altamirano FL, Barr JJ. Unlocking the next generation of phage therapy: the key is in the receptors. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2021;68:115-123. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2020.10.002
— «Dieses Szenario entwirft…», S. 166: Pirnay JP. Phage Therapy in the Year 2035. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:1171. Published 2020 Jun 3. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01171
— «Viel früher werden…», S. 166: Meile S, Kilcher S, Loessner MJ, Dunne M. Reporter Phage-Based Detection of Bacterial Pathogens: Design Guidelines and Recent Developments. Viruses. 2020;12(9):944. Published 2020 Aug 26. doi:10.3390/v12090944 und Pires DP, Costa AR, Pinto G, Meneses L, Azeredo J. Current challenges and future opportunities of phage therapy. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2020;44(6):684-700. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaa017 und Terwilliger AL, Gu Liu C, Green SI, et al. Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research: Personalized Infectious Disease Medicine for the Most Vulnerable At-Risk Patients. Phage (New Rochelle). 2020;1(2):66-74. doi:10.1089/phage.2020.0007
8. Kapitel: Die geheimen Herren der Welt
— «Es mag überraschen…», S. 170: Chevallereau A, Pons BJ, van Houte S, Westra ER. Interactions between bacterial and phage communities in natural environments. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(1):49-62. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00602-y und Cobián Güemes AG, Youle M, Cantú VA, Felts B, Nulton J, Rohwer F. Viruses as Winners in the Game of Life. Annu Rev Virol. 2016;3(1):197-214. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-100114-054952
— «Zum Beispiel die Metagenomik.», S. 171: Lapidus AL, Korobeynikov AI. Metagenomic Data Assembly – The Way of Decoding Unknown Microorganisms. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:613791. Published 2021 Mar 23. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.613791
— «In einem Artikel von 2019», S. 171: Gregory AC, Zayed AA, Conceição-Neto N, et al. Marine DNA Viral Macro- and Microdiversity from Pole to Pole. Cell. 2019;177(5):1109-1123.e14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.040
— «Selbst in der Wassersäule…», S. 172: Millard AD, Pearce D, Zwirglmaier K. Biogeography of bacteriophages at four hydrothermal vent sites in the Antarctic based on g23 sequence diversity. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2016;363(7):fnw043. doi:10.1093/femsle/fnw043
— «Am dichtesten besiedelt…», S. 172: Chevallereau A, Pons BJ, van Houte S, Westra ER. Interactions between bacterial and phage communities in natural environments. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(1):49-62. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00602-y
— «Mutige Virologen…», S. 172: Bobay LM, Ochman H. Biological species in the viral world. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(23):6040-6045. doi:10.1073/pnas.1717593115 und Mushegian AR. Are There 1031Virus Particles on Earth, or More, or Fewer?. J Bacteriol. 2020;202(9):e00052-20. Published 2020 Apr 9. doi:10.1128/JB.00052-20
— «Im Universum leuchten…», S. 172: www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Herschel/How_many_stars_are_there_in_the_Universe – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Zusammen bringen die Phagen…», S. 173: Cobián Güemes AG, Youle M, Cantú VA, Felts B, Nulton J, Rohwer F. Viruses as Winners in the Game of Life. Annu Rev Virol. 2016;3(1):197-214. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-100114-054952
— «Die Autorinnen eines Reviews…», S. 173: Cobián Güemes AG, Youle M, Cantú VA, Felts B, Nulton J, Rohwer F. Viruses as Winners in the Game of Life. Annu Rev Virol. 2016;3(1):197-214. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-100114-054952
— «Es ist kein Wunder…», S. 173: Martínez Martínez J, Martinez-Hernandez F, Martinez-Garcia M. Single-virus genomics and beyond. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020;18(12):705-716. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00444-0
— «Die Forscher entdeckten…». S. 173: Martinez-Hernandez F, Fornas O, Lluesma Gomez M, et al. Single-virus genomics reveals hidden cosmopolitan and abundant viruses. Nat Commun. 2017;8:15892. Published 2017 Jun 23. doi:10.1038/ncomms15892
— «Die Forscher spürten später…», S. 174: Martinez-Hernandez F, Fornas Ò, Lluesma Gomez M, et al. Single-cell genomics uncover Pelagibacter as the putative host of the extremely abundant uncultured 37-F6 viral population in the ocean. ISME J. 2019;13(1):232-236. doi:10.1038/s41396-018-0278-7
— «Ähnliches passierte auch…», S. 173: Dutilh BE, Cassman N, McNair K, et al. A highly abundant bacteriophage discovered in the unknown sequences of human faecal metagenomes. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4498. Published 2014 Jul 24. doi:10.1038/ncomms5498
— «Weitere Analysen enthüllten…», S. 174: Edwards RA, Vega AA, Norman HM, et al. Global phylogeography and ancient evolution of the widespread human gut virus crAssphage. Nat Microbiol. 2019;4(10):1727-1736. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0494-6
— «Auch unserem Ökosystem…», S. 175: De Paepe M, Leclerc M, Tinsley CR, Petit MA. Bacteriophages: an underestimated role in human and animal health?. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2014;4:39. Published 2014 Mar 28. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00039 und Żaczek M, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Międzybrodzki R, Górski A. Phage Prevalence in the Human Urinary Tract-Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications. Microorganisms. 2020;8(11):1802. Published 2020 Nov 17. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111802
— «In einer Studie…», S. 175: Camarillo-Guerrero LF, Almeida A, Rangel-Pineros G, Finn RD, Lawley TD. Massive expansion of human gut bacteriophage diversity. Cell. 2021;184(4):1098-1109.e9. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.029 und Reyes A, Semenkovich NP, Whiteson K, Rohwer F, Gordon JI. Going viral: next-generation sequencing applied to phage populations in the human gut. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012;10(9):607-617. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2853
— «Forscherinnen, die im Mekonium…», S. 175: Wahida A, Tang F, Barr JJ. Rethinking phage-bacteria-eukaryotic relationships and their influence on human health. Cell Host Microbe. 2021;29(5):681-688. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.007 und Townsend EM, Kelly L, Muscatt G, et al. The Human Gut Phageome: Origins and Roles in the Human Gut Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:643214. Published 2021 Jun 4. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.643214
— «Versuche mit einigen Patienten…», S. 176: Ott SJ, Waetzig GH, Rehman A, et al. Efficacy of Sterile Fecal Filtrate Transfer for Treating Patients With Clostridium difficile Infection. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(4):799-811.e7. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.11.010
— «Viele Forscherinnen untersuchen nun…», S. 176: Dahlman S, Avellaneda-Franco L, Barr JJ. Phages to shape the gut microbiota?. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2021;68:89-95. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2020.09.016; Sinha A, Li Y, Mirzaei MK, et al. Transplantation of bacteriophages from ulcerative colitis patients shifts the gut bacteriome and exacerbates the severity of DSS colitis. Microbiome. 2022;10(1):105. Published 2022 Jul 8. doi:10.1186/s40168-022-01275-2 und Khan Mirzaei M, Khan MAA, Ghosh P, et al. Bacteriophages Isolated from Stunted Children Can Regulate Gut Bacterial Communities in an Age-Specific Manner. Cell Host Microbe. 2020;27(2):199-212.e5. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.004
— «Zum Beispiel halten…», S. 176: Lara E, Vaqué D, Sà EL, et al. Unveiling the role and life strategies of viruses from the surface to the dark ocean. Sci Adv. 2017;3(9):e1602565. Published 2017 Sep 6. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1602565
— «Sie ahnen es schon…», S. 177: Weitz JS, Poisot T, Meyer JR, et al. Phage-bacteria infection networks. Trends Microbiol. 2013;21(2):82-91. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2012.11.003 und Zimmerman AE, Howard-Varona C, Needham DM, et al. Metabolic and biogeochemical consequences of viral infection in aquatic ecosystems. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020;18(1):21-34. doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0270-x
— «Wegen der immensen…», S. 178: Chevallereau A, Pons BJ, van Houte S, Westra ER. Interactions between bacterial and phage communities in natural environments. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(1):49-62. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00602-y
— «Mehr und mehr…». S. 179: Chevallereau A, Pons BJ, van Houte S, Westra ER. Interactions between bacterial and phage communities in natural environments. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(1):49-62. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00602-y
— «Manche Inoviren…», S. 179: Sweere JM, Van Belleghem JD, Ishak H, et al. Bacteriophage trigger antiviral immunity and prevent clearance of bacterial infection. Science. 2019;363(6434):eaat9691. doi:10.1126/science.aat9691
— «Finnische Forscherinnen…», S. 180: Gaidelyte A, Vaara M, Bamford DH. Bacteria, phages and septicemia. PLoS One. 2007;2(11):e1145. Published 2007 Nov 7. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001145
— «Manche Wissenschaftler haben…», S. 181: Secor PR, Dandekar AA. More than Simple Parasites: the Sociobiology of Bacteriophages and Their Bacterial Hosts. mBio. 2020;11(2):e00041-20. Published 2020 Mar 10. doi:10.1128/mBio.00041-20 und Dolgin E. The secret social lives of viruses. Nature. 2019;570(7761):290-292. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01880-6
— «Wie alle Bakterienspezies…», S. 181: Erez Z, Steinberger-Levy I, Shamir M, et al. Communication between viruses guides lysis-lysogeny decisions. Nature. 2017;541(7638):488-493. doi:10.1038/nature21049
— «Oft ist diese Story…», S. 182: Borges AL, Zhang JY, Rollins MF, Osuna BA, Wiedenheft B, Bondy-Denomy J. Bacteriophage Cooperation Suppresses CRISPR-Cas3 and Cas9 Immunity. Cell. 2018;174(4):917-925.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.013 und Landsberger M, Gandon S, Meaden S, et al. Anti-CRISPR Phages Cooperate to Overcome CRISPR-Cas Immunity. Cell. 2018;174(4):908-916.e12. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.058
— «In einem Artikel mit…», S. 182: Dolgin E. The secret social lives of viruses. Nature. 2019;570(7761):290-292. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01880-6
— «Diese gestörte Bakterienpopulation…», S. 183: Secor PR, Dandekar AA. More than Simple Parasites: the Sociobiology of Bacteriophages and Their Bacterial Hosts. mBio. 2020;11(2):e00041-20. Published 2020 Mar 10. doi:10.1128/mBio.00041-20; Clooney AG, Sutton TDS, Shkoporov AN, et al. Whole-Virome Analysis Sheds Light on Viral Dark Matter in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Host Microbe. 2019;26(6):764-778.e5. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.10.009 und Guzzo GL, Andrews JM, Weyrich LS. The Neglected Gut Microbiome: Fungi, Protozoa, and Bacteriophages in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2022;28(7):1112-1122. doi:10.1093/ibd/izab343
— «Aktuell läuft eine klinische Studie…», S. 183: www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03808103?term=NCT03808103&draw=2&rank=1 – abgerufen am 19.8.2022
— «Solche Überlegungen würden…», S. 183: Häusler T. Viruses vs. Superbugs. Macmillan. 2006
— «Die moderne Forschung…», S. 184: Faruque SM, Naser IB, Islam MJ, et al. Seasonal epidemics of cholera inversely correlate with the prevalence of environmental cholera phages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(5):1702-1707. doi:10.1073/pnas.0408992102; Faruque SM, Naser IB, Islam MJ, et al. Seasonal epidemics of cholera inversely correlate with the prevalence of environmental cholera phages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(5):1702-1707. doi:10.1073/pnas.0408992102; Faruque SM, Islam MJ, Ahmad QS, et al. Self-limiting nature of seasonal cholera epidemics: Role of host-mediated amplification of phage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(17):6119-6124. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502069102; Nelson EJ, Chowdhury A, Flynn J, et al. Transmission of Vibrio cholerae is antagonized by lytic phage and entry into the aquatic environment. PLoS Pathog. 2008;4(10):e1000187. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000187 und Nelson EJ, Harris JB, Morris JG Jr, Calderwood SB, Camilli A. Cholera transmission: the host, pathogen and bacteriophage dynamic. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009;7(10):693-702. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2204
— «Doch in einer aufwändigen…», S. 184: Seed KD, Yen M, Shapiro BJ, et al. Evolutionary consequences of intra-patient phage predation on microbial populations. Elife. 2014;3:e03497. Published 2014 Aug 26. doi:10.7554/eLife.03497
— «Freuen würde sich d’Hérelle…», S. 185: Yen M, Cairns LS, Camilli A. A cocktail of three virulent bacteriophages prevents Vibrio cholerae infection in animal models. Nat Commun. 2017;8:14187. Published 2017 Feb 1. doi:10.1038/ncomms14187; theconversation.com/phage-therapy-to-prevent-cholera-infections-and-possibly-those-caused-by-other-deadly-bacteria-117058 und www.phageproinc.com – beide abgerufen am 19.8.2022 und Jaiswal A, Koley H, Ghosh A, Palit A, Sarkar B. Efficacy of cocktail phage therapy in treating Vibrio cholerae infection in rabbit model. Microbes Infect. 2013;15(2):152-156. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2012.11.002
— «Phagen spielen bei Cholera…», S. 185: Faruque SM, Mekalanos JJ. Phage-bacterial interactions in the evolution of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. Virulence. 2012;3(7):556-565. doi:10.4161/viru.22351
— «Die unheilige Allianz…», S. 185: Chevallereau A, Pons BJ, van Houte S, Westra ER. Interactions between bacterial and phage communities in natural environments. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(1):49-62. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00602-y
— «Ein anderes Beispiel…», S. 186: Muniesa M, Hammerl JA, Hertwig S, Appel B, Brüssow H. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4: a new challenge for microbiology. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012;78(12):4065-4073. doi:10.1128/AEM.00217-12
— «Dies zeigt eine Untersuchung…», S. 186: Göller PC, Elsener T, Lorgé D, et al. Multi-species host range of staphylococcal phages isolated from wastewater. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):6965. Published 2021 Nov 29. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27037-6